# Tactile-Sensation Imaging System for Assessing Material Inclusions in Breast Tumor Detection

## TL;DR

A new tactile-sensing imaging system is developed to detect and assess breast tumors by simulating human touch, offering a noninvasive and cost-effective solution.

## Contribution

The novel Tactile-Sensation Imaging System uses a PDMS optical waveguide to detect subcutaneous inclusions with high sensitivity and precision.

## Key findings

- The system accurately estimated inclusion size, depth, and stiffness using tactile images.
- Experimental results confirmed the system's ability to detect embedded inclusions in tissue phantoms.
- Analytical modeling and simulations validated the optical performance of the waveguide design.

## Abstract

Accurate identification and characterization of subcutaneous tumors are essential for improving breast tumor detection and treatment. This study introduces an innovative Tactile-Sensation Imaging System (TSIS) designed, implemented, and tested to detect and characterize subcutaneous inclusions simulating breast tumors. The system employs a multilayered polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) optical waveguide that mimics the tactile structure of the human fingertip. By introducing light at a critical angle, the design enables continuous total internal reflection (TIR) within the flexible, transparent waveguide. When external pressure is applied, deformation of the contact area causes light scattering, which is recorded using a high-definition camera and processed as tactile images. Analysis of these images allows estimation of inclusion characteristics such as size, depth, and mechanical properties, including Young’s modulus. Analytical modeling and numerical simulations validated the optical performance of the waveguide, while experimental evaluations using realistic tissue phantoms confirmed the system’s ability to accurately detect and quantify embedded inclusions. The results demonstrated reliable estimations of inclusion dimensions, depths, and stiffness, verifying the system’s sensitivity and precision. The TSIS offers a noninvasive, portable, and cost-efficient solution for quantitative breast tumor assessment, bridging the gap between manual palpation and advanced imaging, with future enhancements aimed at improving resolution and diagnostic accuracy.