# Development of Advanced Nanobiosensors and a Portable Monitoring System for Pesticide Detection at the Point of Need

## TL;DR

A portable system using nanobiosensors is developed to detect pesticides with high sensitivity and selectivity at the point of need.

## Contribution

The integration of aptamer-modified electrochemical sensors with a microfluidic chip for pesticide detection is novel.

## Key findings

- The system achieved a detection limit of 9.85 pM for tebuconazole and 48.5 pM for lambda-cyhalothrin.
- The biosensors showed high selectivity in complex pesticide mixtures.
- The system can be adapted to detect other pollutants using different aptamers.

## Abstract

This work presents the development of an automated and portable monitoring system for the point-of-need detection of tebuconazole and lambda-cyhalothrin. The system features nanoparticle/aptamer-modified electrochemical sensors that are integrated into a microfluidic chip based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). More specifically, rapid and selective detection of both pesticides is achieved using target-specific aptamers immobilized on two-dimensional platinum nanoparticle films that serve as expanded nano-gapped electrodes to enhance sensor sensitivity. The effect of the device substrate (i.e., silicon versus flexible substrates) and measurement setup on biosensing performance has also been investigated. The final monitoring system is characterized by high sensitivity and selectivity in the cases of both target analytes and substrates. Τhe system features a limit of detection of 9.85 pM for tebuconazole, which is one of the lowest reported values in the literature; for lambda-cyhalothrin, it is worth noting that the results reported herein represent one of the few studies on an electrochemical aptamer-based sensor for this analyte, featuring a limit of detection of 48.5 pM. The system is also capable of selectively detecting both targets for complex cross-reactive sample matrices consisting of commercially available pesticides. Moreover, its use could be expanded to detect additional pollutants by functionalizing the biosensor surface with appropriate aptamers.