# Recent 3D Cell Culture Models: From Biomedical Applications to Machine Learning

**Authors:** Agnieszka Rusak, Benita Wiatrak

PMC · DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines14020379 · Biomedicines · 2026-02-06

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** TGFB2 (transforming growth factor beta 2) [NCBI Gene 7042] {aka CAEND2, G-TSF, LDS4, TGF-beta2}, Nos2 (nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible) [NCBI Gene 18126] {aka MAC-NOS, NOS-II, Nos-2, Nos2a, i-NOS, iNOS}, Prl (prolactin) [NCBI Gene 19109] {aka Gha1, Prl1a1}, TGFB1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) [NCBI Gene 7040] {aka CAEND1, CED, DPD1, IBDIMDE, LAP, TGF-beta1}, Csn2 (casein beta) [NCBI Gene 12991] {aka Csnb}, APP (amyloid beta precursor protein) [NCBI Gene 351] {aka AAA, ABETA, ABPP, AD1, APPI, CTFgamma}, Tnf (tumor necrosis factor) [NCBI Gene 21926] {aka DIF, TNF-a, TNF-alpha, TNFSF2, TNFalpha, Tnfa}, IL6 (interleukin 6) [NCBI Gene 3569] {aka BSF-2, BSF2, CDF, HGF, HSF, IFN-beta-2}, Ifng (interferon gamma) [NCBI Gene 15978] {aka IFN-g, If2f, Ifg}, ACTA1 (actin alpha 1, skeletal muscle) [NCBI Gene 58] {aka ACTA, ASMA, CFTD, CFTD1, CFTDM, CMYO2A}, Stat5a (signal transducer and activator of transcription 5A) [NCBI Gene 20850] {aka STAT5}
- **Diseases:** hepatic fibrosis (MESH:D008103), cytotoxicity (MESH:D064420), neuroinflammation (MESH:D000090862), infection (MESH:D007239), acute myeloid leukaemia (MESH:D054218), Alzheimer's disease (MESH:D000544), cancer (MESH:D009369), uterine cancer (MESH:D014594), inflammation disorders (MESH:D007249), injury to (MESH:D014947), hypoxia (MESH:D000860), basal cell carcinoma (MESH:D002280), leukaemia (MESH:D015458), hypoxic (MESH:D002534)
- **Chemicals:** Ti-6Al-4V (MESH:C031462), sonidegib (MESH:C561435), haematoxylin (MESH:D006416), sodium alginate (MESH:D000464), ROS (-), curcumin (MESH:D003474), eosin (MESH:D004801), vitamin A (MESH:D014801)
- **Species:** Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (species) [taxon 47715], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Staphylococcus epidermidis (species) [taxon 1282], Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090], Streptococcus mutans (species) [taxon 1309], Candida albicans (species) [taxon 5476]
- **Cell lines:** Balb/3T3 — Mus musculus (Mouse), Spontaneously immortalized cell line (CVCL_0184), L929 — Mus musculus (Mouse), Spontaneously immortalized cell line (CVCL_AR58), ARPE19 — Homo sapiens (Human), Spontaneously immortalized cell line (CVCL_0145), HS-5 — Homo sapiens (Human), Transformed cell line (CVCL_3720), HeLa — Homo sapiens (Human), Human papillomavirus-related endocervical adenocarcinoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_0030), OCI-AML3 — Homo sapiens (Human), Adult acute myelomonocytic leukemia, Cancer cell line (CVCL_1844), hFOB1.19 — Homo sapiens (Human), Conditionally immortalized cell line (CVCL_3708)

## Full text

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## References

10 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12938355/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12938355