# Intranasal Resveratrol Plus Carboxymethyl-β-Glucan: A Promising Option in Clinical Practice

**Authors:** Giorgio Ciprandi, Maria Angela Tosca

PMC · DOI: 10.3390/biom16020285 · Biomolecules · 2026-02-11

## TL;DR

Intranasal resveratrol combined with CMBG shows promise for treating upper airway diseases due to its effectiveness and safety in clinical studies.

## Contribution

The development and clinical validation of an intranasal formulation combining resveratrol and CMBG for upper airway diseases.

## Key findings

- The intranasal formulation of resveratrol and CMBG demonstrated stability and solubility in preclinical studies.
- Clinical studies showed the formulation is effective and safe for respiratory infections, allergic rhinitis, and nasal surgery.
- The combination offers a promising alternative for managing upper airway diseases.

## Abstract

Resveratrol is a polyphenol with numerous beneficial properties, acting as a phytoalexin. Plants produce resveratrol in response to various types of stress, such as infections and external damage. Resveratrol is a natural medicine thanks to its antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antiallergic properties. However, resveratrol has poor oral bioavailability. To overcome this drawback, a topical nasal formulation has been developed, characterized by the fixed combination of carboxymethyl-β-glucan (CMBG) with trans-resveratrol. This innovative molecule has been the subject of in-depth preclinical studies to demonstrate its stability and solubility. Subsequently, several controlled clinical studies have shown that this formulation is effective and safe in patients with respiratory infections, allergic rhinitis, and nasal surgery. Therefore, taken together, these findings suggest that intranasal resveratrol–CMBG might be a promising option for the management of upper airway diseases.

## Linked entities

- **Chemicals:** resveratrol (PubChem CID 5056), trans-resveratrol (PubChem CID 445154)
- **Diseases:** respiratory infections (MONDO:0024355), allergic rhinitis (MONDO:0011786)

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** NFE2L2 (NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2) [NCBI Gene 4780] {aka IMDDHH, NRF2, Nrf-2}, NLRP3 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 3) [NCBI Gene 114548] {aka AGTAVPRL, AII, AVP, C1orf7, CIAS1, CLR1.1}, CRP (C-reactive protein) [NCBI Gene 1401] {aka PTX1}, IL6 (interleukin 6) [NCBI Gene 3569] {aka BSF-2, BSF2, CDF, HGF, HSF, IFN-beta-2}, NFKBIA (NFKB inhibitor alpha) [NCBI Gene 4792] {aka EDAID2, IKBA, MAD-3, NFKBI}, IL4 (interleukin 4) [NCBI Gene 3565] {aka BCGF-1, BCGF1, BSF-1, BSF1, IL-4}, ITGAL (integrin subunit alpha L) [NCBI Gene 3683] {aka CD11A, EV6, HNA-5, LFA-1, LFA1A}, IL1B (interleukin 1 beta) [NCBI Gene 3553] {aka IL-1, IL1-BETA, IL1F2, IL1beta}, COX2 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit II) [NCBI Gene 4513] {aka COII, MTCO2}, EP300 (EP300 lysine acetyltransferase) [NCBI Gene 2033] {aka KAT3B, MKHK2, RSTS2, p300}, IGHE (immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon) [NCBI Gene 3497] {aka IgE}, IL10 (interleukin 10) [NCBI Gene 3586] {aka CSIF, GVHDS, IL-10, IL10A, TGIF}, TNF (tumor necrosis factor) [NCBI Gene 7124] {aka DIF, IMD127, TNF-alpha, TNFA, TNFSF2, TNLG1F}, AKT1 (AKT serine/threonine kinase 1) [NCBI Gene 207] {aka AKT, PKB, PKB-ALPHA, PRKBA, RAC, RAC-ALPHA}, SIRT1 (sirtuin 1) [NCBI Gene 23411] {aka SIR2, SIR2L1, SIR2alpha}, NOS2 (nitric oxide synthase 2) [NCBI Gene 4843] {aka HEP-NOS, INOS, NOS, NOS2A}, ACE2 (angiotensin converting enzyme 2) [NCBI Gene 59272] {aka ACEH}, CCL5 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 5) [NCBI Gene 6352] {aka D17S136E, RANTES, SCYA5, SIS-delta, SISd, TCP228}, PRKAB1 (protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1) [NCBI Gene 5564] {aka AMPK, HAMPKb}, ICAM1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) [NCBI Gene 3383] {aka BB2, CD54, P3.58}, NFKB1 (nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1) [NCBI Gene 4790] {aka CVID12, EBP-1, KBF1, NF-kB, NF-kB1, NF-kappa-B1}, CXCL8 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8) [NCBI Gene 3576] {aka GCP-1, GCP1, IL8, LECT, LUCT, LYNAP}
- **Diseases:** cough (MESH:D003371), seasonal allergic rhinitis (MESH:D006255), cardiovascular diseases (MESH:D002318), infection (MESH:D007239), COVID-19 (MESH:D000086382), nasal congestion (MESH:D009668), Allergic Rhinitis (MESH:D065631), viral infection (MESH:D014777), infectious (MESH:D003141), chronic (MESH:D002908), fungal (MESH:D009181), nasal obstruction (MESH:D015508), allergic (MESH:D004342), bacterial infections (MESH:D001424), wheezing (MESH:D012135), mucosal edema (MESH:D004487), allergic symptoms (MESH:D063926), Respiratory Syncytial Virus (MESH:D018357), cancer (MESH:D009369), respiratory disease (MESH:D012140), pain (MESH:D010146), gout (MESH:D006073), Inflammatory (MESH:D007249), injury to (MESH:D014947), neurodegenerative conditions (MESH:D019636), RRIs (MESH:D012141), itching (MESH:D011537), non (MESH:C580335), metabolic disorders (MESH:D008659), fever (MESH:D005334), airway diseases (MESH:D029424), lung inflammation (MESH:D011014), upper airway diseases (MESH:C000726767), autoimmune diseases (MESH:D001327), common cold (MESH:D003139)
- **Chemicals:** leukotrienes (MESH:D015289), RNS (MESH:D026361), 3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene (-), budesonide (MESH:D019819), flavonoid (MESH:D005419), glucose (MESH:D005947), glycosides (MESH:D006027), ROS (MESH:D017382), short-chain fatty acid (MESH:D005232), Beta-glucans (MESH:D047071), NAD+ (MESH:D009243), thromboxane (MESH:D013931), polyphenol (MESH:D059808), nostril (MESH:D010656), polysaccharide (MESH:D011134), nitrogen (MESH:D009584), prostaglandins (MESH:D011453), oxygen (MESH:D010100), NO (MESH:D009569), methicillin (MESH:D008712), Resveratrol (MESH:D000077185), arachidonic acid (MESH:D016718), carbapenem (MESH:D015780), benzene (MESH:D001554), water (MESH:D014867), phenol (MESH:D019800)
- **Species:** Haemophilus influenzae (species) [taxon 727], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Bifidobacterium (genus) [taxon 1678], Staphylococcus aureus (species) [taxon 1280], Bacteria Latreille et al. 1825 (Bacteria stick insect, genus) [taxon 629395], Leishmania (subgenus) [taxon 38568], Nannizzia gypsea (species) [taxon 63402], Polygonum cuspidatum (species) [taxon 83819], Trichophyton mentagrophytes (species) [taxon 523103], Vibrio sp. (species) [taxon 678], Acinetobacter baumannii (species) [taxon 470], Epidermophyton floccosum (species) [taxon 34391], Trichomonas vaginalis (species) [taxon 5722], Enterovirus (genus) [taxon 12059], Trichophyton tonsurans (species) [taxon 34387], Lactobacillus (genus) [taxon 1578], Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090], Campylobacter sp. (species) [taxon 205], Escherichia coli (E. coli, species) [taxon 562], Listeria sp. (species) [taxon 1960103], Candida albicans (species) [taxon 5476], Amoeba (genus) [taxon 5774], Nicotiana tabacum (American tobacco, species) [taxon 4097], Veratrum grandiflorum (species) [taxon 203092], Toxoplasma gondii (species) [taxon 5811], Trypanosoma cruzi (species) [taxon 5693], Arachis hypogaea (goober, species) [taxon 3818], Trichophyton rubrum (species) [taxon 5551], Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (no rank) [taxon 2697049], Schistosoma mansoni (species) [taxon 6183]
- **Cell lines:** H1HeLa — Homo sapiens (Human), Human papillomavirus-related endocervical adenocarcinoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_3334)

## Full text

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## Figures

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## References

113 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12938051/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12938051