# Electrochemical/Colorimetric Dual-Mode Aptasensor Based on CuZr-MOF and Fe3O4@ZIF-8 for Detection of Malathion in Vegetables

## TL;DR

A new dual-mode sensor was developed to detect malathion in vegetables with high sensitivity and accuracy for on-site use.

## Contribution

The development of an electrochemical/colorimetric dual-mode aptasensor using CuZr-MOF and Fe3O4@ZIF-8 for detecting malathion.

## Key findings

- The sensor achieved a colorimetric LOD of 1.57 × 10−11 M and an electrochemical LOD of 4.76 × 10−11 M.
- The method showed recoveries between 87.71% and 107.68% with good reliability.
- The sensor is suitable for on-site rapid detection of malathion in vegetables.

## Abstract

In on-site rapid detection, the electrochemical method boasts high sensitivity and rapid response capabilities, while the colorimetric method can provide intuitive visual readings suitable for on-site screening. Therefore, this study developed an innovative dual-mode electrochemical/colorimetric aptasensor for the accurate detection of malathion (MAL) in vegetables. The sensor combines magnetic Fe3O4@ZIF-8-DNA composites and CuZr-MOF-cDNA probes, enabling simultaneous detection of the target through electrochemical reactions and colorimetric changes. The introduction of CuZr-MOF not only enhances the sensor’s conductivity but also significantly amplifies the electrochemical signal through its catalytic properties. The magnetic Fe3O4@ZIF-8-DNA composite facilitates solid–liquid separation under an external magnetic field. When the target MAL is present, the aptamer binds to the target, causing the CuZr-MOF-cDNA probes to release from the composite, altering the number of free probes in the supernatant and generating varying intensities of colorimetric signals. Meanwhile, the MAL captured in the precipitate by the aptamer is quantitatively detected through electrochemical methods. Experimental results demonstrate that as the target concentration increases, the colorimetric signal intensifies while the electrochemical signal weakens, showing a good linear relationship between the two. The aptasensor’s limit of detection (LOD) for colorimetric and electrochemical modes was 1.57 × 10−11 M and 4.76 × 10−11 M, respectively, with recoveries ranging from 87.71% to 107.68% and relative standard deviations between 3.23% and 10.75%. This method exhibits high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, and strong reliability, providing a novel technique for the accurate quantification of MAL in vegetables, particularly suited for on-site rapid detection.