# Genetic and Structural Analyses of Coronaviruses: Insights into SARS-CoV-2 and Beyond

**Authors:** Miriana Quaranta, Stefano Pascarella

PMC · DOI: 10.3390/biom16020295 · Biomolecules · 2026-02-13

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** E (envelope protein) [NCBI Gene 43740570], SNX27 (sorting nexin 27) [NCBI Gene 81609] {aka DADAND, MRT1, MY014}, HIF1A (hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha) [NCBI Gene 3091] {aka HIF-1-alpha, HIF-1A, HIF-1alpha, HIF1, HIF1-ALPHA, MOP1}, S (surface glycoprotein) [NCBI Gene 43740568] {aka spike glycoprotein}, CCL20 (C-C motif chemokine ligand 20) [NCBI Gene 6364] {aka CKb4, Exodus, LARC, MIP-3-alpha, MIP-3a, MIP3A}, ACE2 (angiotensin converting enzyme 2) [NCBI Gene 59272] {aka ACEH}, VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A) [NCBI Gene 7422] {aka L-VEGF, MVCD1, VEGF, VPF}
- **Diseases:** coronavirus infection (MESH:D018352), viral infection (MESH:D014777), COVID-19 (MESH:D000086382), infection (MESH:D007239), HIV (MESH:D015658), injury to (MESH:D014947), inflammatory (MESH:D007249), AIDS (MESH:D000163), pneumonia (MESH:D011014), Hypoxia (MESH:D000860)
- **Chemicals:** Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharide (-), HS (MESH:D006497), Glycosaminoglycans (MESH:D006025), ganglioside (MESH:D005732), lipid (MESH:D008055), heparin (MESH:D006493), hydrogen (MESH:D006859), EX (MESH:D017984), Cholesterol (MESH:D002784)
- **Species:** Chiroptera (bats, order) [taxon 9397], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Human coronavirus OC43 (no rank) [taxon 31631], Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (no rank) [taxon 2697049], Gammacoronavirus (genus) [taxon 694013]
- **Mutations:** Q493K

## Full text

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## References

11 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12937593/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12937593