# In Vitro Antimicrobial Potential of Different Platelet Concentrates Against Eight Clinically Relevant Oral Pathobionts

## TL;DR

This study shows that platelet-rich plasma and fibrin preparations can inhibit several oral bacteria and fungi in the lab, suggesting possible use in dental treatments.

## Contribution

The study is the first to compare antimicrobial effects of PRP, PRF, and i-PRF against eight oral pathogens using agar diffusion assays.

## Key findings

- Injectable PRF (i-PRF) showed the strongest antimicrobial effect across all tested pathogens.
- Significant inhibition was observed for Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans with i-PRF.
- Streptococci and Candida albicans showed lower inhibition compared to other pathogens.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: Oral infections are caused by a wide spectrum of bacterial and fungal species and remain clinically challenging, particularly against the background of increasing antimicrobial resistance and efforts to reduce antibiotic use in dentistry. Platelet concentrates are widely applied in periodontal and oral surgery due to their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties, and accumulating evidence suggests additional antimicrobial effects. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), and injectable PRF (i-PRF) against clinically relevant oral microorganisms. Methods: PRP, PRF, and i-PRF were prepared from venous blood of five healthy donors and evaluated using diffusion-dependent, qualitative-semiquantitative agar diffusion assays against Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans, with inhibition zones assessed after species-specific incubation times. Chlorhexidine (2%) and amoxicillin served as positive controls and NaCl (0.9%) as negative control. Inhibition zones were digitally quantified and analyzed using non-parametric statistics (Kruskal–Wallis, Friedmann) due to skewed distributions and frequent zero values. Results: All platelet concentrates demonstrated microorganism-dependent inhibition zones in vitro. Overall, i-PRF demonstrated the strongest inhibitory effect across all pathogens (p < 0.001). Significant differences were detected for E. faecalis and C. albicans, where i-PRF produced markedly larger inhibition zones compared to PRP and PRF. Descriptively, anaerobic periodontal pathogens and S. aureus tended to be more susceptible, while streptococci and C. albicans demonstrated lower inhibition. Conclusions: These findings support a potential adjunctive antimicrobial role of platelet-derived preparations in dental infection management but should be interpreted with caution, as agar diffusion results do not necessarily reflect clinical performance.