# Comparative Efficacy of Tulathromycin and Ceftiofur for Treating Undifferentiated BRDC and Tulathromycin Metaphylaxis in Dairy Cattle

## TL;DR

This study compared tulathromycin and ceftiofur for treating bovine respiratory disease in dairy cattle and found both drugs similarly effective, with additional observations on blood parameters during a metaphylaxis trial.

## Contribution

The study provides field-based evidence on the comparable efficacy of tulathromycin and ceftiofur for undifferentiated BRDC in dairy cattle.

## Key findings

- Tulathromycin and ceftiofur had similar cure rates and clinical outcomes in treating BRDC.
- Both treatments led to significant within-group improvements in clinical and hematological parameters.
- The metaphylaxis trial showed no BRDC cases but revealed differences in blood parameters among injection groups.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: Bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) is commonly treated empirically, as etiological diagnosis is often impractical under field conditions. Comparative evidence on antimicrobial efficacy in undifferentiated BRDC remains limited. This study aimed to compare the therapeutic efficacy of tulathromycin and ceftiofur for treating undifferentiated BRDC in dairy cattle and to describe hematological and biochemical responses following a tulathromycin metaphylaxis program implemented during the seasonal high-PM2.5 period in northern Thailand. Methods: Thirty-eight Holstein–Friesian cattle with clinical BRDC were randomly assigned to receive tulathromycin (2.5 mg/kg, single subcutaneous dose; n = 20) or ceftiofur (2.2 mg/kg, intramuscularly for three consecutive days; n = 18). The clinical parameters of the surviving cattle were monitored for 5 days, and hematological and biochemical profiles were assessed on Days 1 and 5 in the surviving cattle. In addition, 87 pregnant dairy heifers were enrolled in a metaphylaxis trial and allocated to no injection, one tulathromycin injection, or two injections administered one month apart. Results: Cure rates were comparable between the tulathromycin and ceftiofur groups (90.0% vs. 88.9%), with similar case fatality rates (10.0% vs. 11.1%). No significant between-group differences were observed for clinical, hematological, or biochemical parameters. Both treatments resulted in significant within-group clinical and hematological improvement. During the metaphylaxis trial, no animals developed clinical BRDC; however, significant differences were observed in selected hematological parameters among injection groups. Conclusions: Tulathromycin and ceftiofur demonstrated comparable efficacy for treating undifferentiated BRDC in dairy cattle under field conditions. In the metaphylaxis component, conducted during the seasonal high-PM2.5 period, the absence of clinical BRDC cases did not allow for evaluation of preventive efficacy. Nevertheless, differences in selected blood parameters were observed among injection groups and should be interpreted cautiously, warranting further investigation in studies incorporating low- and high-PM2.5 comparisons.