# CD2 costimulation breaks the CD28 vs. 4-1BB tradeoff in CAR T cells

**Authors:** Avery D. Posey

PMC · DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2026.201149 · Molecular Therapy Oncology · 2026-02-20

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** CD28 (CD28 molecule) [NCBI Gene 940] {aka IMD123, Tp44}, ITGAL (integrin subunit alpha L) [NCBI Gene 3683] {aka CD11A, EV6, HNA-5, LFA-1, LFA1A}, CD19 (CD19 molecule) [NCBI Gene 930] {aka B4, CVID3}, CD274 (CD274 molecule) [NCBI Gene 29126] {aka ADMIO5, B7-H, B7H1, PD-L1, PDCD1L1, PDCD1LG1}, PDCD1 (programmed cell death 1) [NCBI Gene 5133] {aka ADMIO4, AIMTBS, CD279, PD-1, PD1, SLEB2}, MSLN (mesothelin) [NCBI Gene 10232] {aka MPF, SMRP}, CD2 (CD2 molecule) [NCBI Gene 914] {aka LFA-2, SRBC, T11}, TRBV20OR9-2 (T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)) [NCBI Gene 6962] {aka CDR3, TCRBV20S2, TCRBV2O, TCRBV2S2O}, CD58 (CD58 molecule) [NCBI Gene 965] {aka LFA-3, LFA3, ag3}, TNFRSF9 (TNF receptor superfamily member 9) [NCBI Gene 3604] {aka 4-1BB, CD137, CDw137, ILA, IMD109}, CXADRP1 (CXADR pseudogene 1) [NCBI Gene 653108] {aka CAR, CXADRP}
- **Diseases:** infection (MESH:D007239), LBCL (MESH:D016393), mesothelioma (MESH:D008654), Tumor (MESH:D009369), pancreatic cancer (MESH:D010190), B cell and plasma cell malignancies (MESH:D015448)
- **Chemicals:** 4-1BBzeta (-)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

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## References

10 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12936819/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12936819