# Effects of fatty acids and cholesterol on functions and behavior of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

## TL;DR

This review explores how fatty acids and cholesterol affect the function and behavior of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, which are important for bone health and regenerative therapy.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive review of how major health-related lipids regulate the stemness and function of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

## Key findings

- Fatty acids and cholesterol influence the stemness and rejuvenation of BM-MSCs.
- BM acts as both a receptor and producer of lipids, impacting cell behavior.
- Endocannabinoids and short-chain fatty acids play roles in regulating BM-MSC commitment.

## Abstract

Bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have a crucial role in BM homeostasis and regenerative therapy. While lipids are known to be fundamental components of metabolism, their precise role in modulating the function and behavior of BM-MSCs remains unclear. In this review, we present a comprehensive update on the biology of BM-MSCs in response to fatty acids and cholesterol, which are the major health-related lipids. We discuss the importance of BM as a receptor and producer of lipids and summarize the mechanistic insights by which cholesterol and fatty acids, including endocannabinoids and short-chain fatty acids, regulate BM-MSC stemness, rejuvenation, and commitment. Understanding the complex and interdependent role of lipids on BM-MSCs is critical for proper BM and bone homeostasis. Future research should focus on the development of metabolic strategies to optimize health of the BM and its cells and to refine treatments for BM-related diseases or tissue regeneration.

Stem cells research