Corrigendum to “Assessments and interventions in individuals with lower extremity torsional abnormality: A scoping review” [J Orthopedics 73 (2026) 247–261]

TL;DR

This scoping review explores how lower extremity torsional abnormalities are assessed and managed in children, highlighting inconsistencies in current practices.

Contribution

The study maps existing evidence on assessments and interventions for lower extremity torsional abnormalities in youth.

Findings

Most studies on LETA were retrospective and from North America and Europe.

Assessment methods varied widely, including physical exams and imaging.

Management strategies ranged from observation to surgery, with limited high-level evidence.

Abstract

Lower extremity torsional abnormalities (LETA) are a frequent reason for referral to pediatric orthopaedic surgeons. Defined as abnormal tibial or femoral torsion along the longitudinal axis, they affect gait biomechanics and may cause functional, cosmetic, and psychosocial concerns. Despite their prevalence, assessment methods and management strategies remain heterogenous, and thresholds for intervention are unclear.

A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O'Malley framework and the PRISMA-ScR guideline to map the current evidence regarding assessments and interventions. MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane were searched (2000–2025) for English and French studies involving youth (0-21 years) with idiopathic LETA. Eligible designs included randomized trials, cohort studies, case series, and cross-sectional studies. Data were extracted, synthesized descriptively, and organized by torsion type, assessment modality, and intervention strategy.

Of 11,174 records identified, 56 studies met inclusion criteria. Most were retrospective (n = 35) and conducted in North America and Europe. Assessment methods included physical examination (e.g., hip rotation, thigh–foot angle), imaging (CT, MRI, biplanar radiographs), and quantitative motion analysis. Management strategies ranged from observation and orthotics to surgical derotational osteotomies. Considerable variation existed in measurement techniques, intervention thresholds, and outcome reporting, with limited high-level evidence.

This scoping review highlights variability in how LETA are assessed and managed. Standardized assessment protocols, clearer reporting of surgical indications, and systematic evaluation of conservative management remain key gaps. Addressing these areas would strengthen the evidence base and guide clinical decision-making.

Full text

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