# Integrated GC–MS Profiling and Phytosynthesis of MnO2 Nanoparticles Using Moringa oleifera: Assessment of Antioxidant, Cytotoxicity, and Potential In Vitro and In Silico Inhibitory Effects on α‐Amylase and α‐Glucosidase

## TL;DR

Researchers used Moringa oleifera to create MnO2 nanoparticles with strong antioxidant and antidiabetic properties, showing low toxicity and potential therapeutic applications.

## Contribution

The study introduces a novel phytosynthesis method for MnO2 nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera and evaluates their antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antidiabetic properties.

## Key findings

- MnO2 nanoparticles synthesized from Moringa oleifera are spherical, crystalline, and about 8.3 nm in size.
- The nanoparticles showed strong antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 9.08 and 6.62 µg/mL in DPPH and ABTS assays.
- They exhibited significant antidiabetic effects against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes with IC50 values of 36.58 and 55.03 µg/mL, respectively.

## Abstract

Bioactive compounds from medicinal plants can enhance the therapeutic potential of trace metal–oxide nanoparticles. This study contributed to identifying the main volatile compounds and synthesizing manganese dioxide nanoparticles (MnO2 NPs) using Moringa oleifera (MO) leaf extract and explored their biological applications. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis identified 21 volatile compounds with known bioactivities from the leaves of MO. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x‐ray diffraction analysis showed that MnO2 NPs were spherical and crystalline, averaging ∼8.3 nm in size. Antioxidant activity, assessed by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays, revealed high potency (IC50 = 9.08 ± 0.11 and 6.62 ± 0.12 µg/mL). Cell viability assays indicated relative non‐toxicity, with IC50 values greater than 20 µg/mL for human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) and liver (HEPG2) cells. The antidiabetic effects were evaluated against α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase enzymes, showing IC50 values of 36.58 ± 0.74 and 55.03 ± 1.68 µg/mL, respectively, compared to FDA‐approved acarbose. Docking studies yielded scores of −6.10 and −7.32 kcal/mol. Overall, these results highlight that the MO‐synthesized MnO2 NPs can be explored as potential antioxidant, cytoprotective, and antidiabetic agents for therapeutic uses.

Manganese oxide (MnO NPs), synthesis of Moringa oleifera leaf extract nanoparticles, are spherical and crystalline with a size of 8.3 nm. They exhibit strong antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS assays, with IC50 values of 9.08 and 6.62 µg/mL, respectively, and demonstrate low toxicity to kidney and liver cells. MnO NPs also show significant antidiabetic effects against α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase, suggesting their potential as antioxidants, cytoprotective, and antidiabetic agents.