# HPLC and FTIR analysis of phytochemicals and antioxidants of Aloe vera exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons and remediation treatments with organic and inorganic amendments

## TL;DR

This study examines how petroleum contamination affects Aloe vera's medicinal compounds and finds that organic and seaweed-based treatments can effectively restore these compounds.

## Contribution

The study introduces a novel evaluation of organic and inorganic remediation strategies on restoring Aloe vera's bioactive compounds after petroleum contamination.

## Key findings

- Petroleum contamination significantly alters the phytochemical and antioxidant profiles of Aloe vera.
- Treatment 4 (organic manure + improved seaweed extract) showed the highest recovery of essential bioactive compounds.
- HPLC and FTIR analyses confirmed changes in vitamin and antioxidant concentrations due to contamination and remediation.

## Abstract

Environmental pollution has become a major threat to public safety, and the integrity of bioactive compounds in medical plants. This investigation was conducted to assess the consequence of petroleum hydrocarbons contamination, on the nutritional and medicinal qualities of Aloe vera (L.), and to evaluate the efficiency of the various remediation strategies. During the study, soil contaminated with 20% crude oil (petroleum), was treated with five different treatments (T1 to T5), which consist of different concentrations of organic manure, potassium permanganate, and improved seaweed extract manure. All the laboratory tests were conducted by following standard procedures. Specifically, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was used to measure the concentrations of vitamins A and E, as well as the acemannan and aloin, while the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, was utilized to evaluate the presence petroleum hydrocarbons inside the extract. The results revealed that, the petroleum contamination and treatment strategies have significant influence, on the extract’s phytochemicals and the antioxidant activity behavior. The extract vitamins A, C and E concentrations varied from 7.68 to 12.47 mg/kg, 1323.67 to 2116 mg/kg, and 54.30 to 73.28 mg/kg, respectively. Additionally, TPC and TFC level of extract varied from 30.15 to 78.50 mg GAE/g, and 9.51 to 38.01 mg QE/g, respectively. The Treatment 4 unit (OM + ISE) showed the best remediation performance, with the highest essential bioactive compounds recovery rates. This affirmed that seaweed extract and organic matters are potential eco-friendly materials, with high efficacy in alleviating the harmful effects, associated with petroleum toxicity on medical plants. This will lead to maximization of the therapeutic benefits of Aloe vera plant, grown in petroleum contaminated environment, thus guaranteeing public safety.