# Clinical, Biochemical, and Coronary Angiographic Profiling of Symptomatic Premature Coronary Artery Disease in a Gujarati Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

## TL;DR

This study profiles young Gujarati Indians with early heart disease, focusing on non-traditional risk factors like obesity and high LpA levels.

## Contribution

The study identifies non-conventional risk factors for premature coronary artery disease in a Gujarati population.

## Key findings

- Half of obese patients had newly diagnosed dysglycemia and dyslipidemia.
- Elevated LpA levels were strongly associated with single-vessel coronary disease.
- Non-conventional factors like obesity and LpA help identify high-risk individuals early.

## Abstract

Background

With the prevalence of coronary artery diseases (CAD) on the rise, especially in the younger population, characterization of non-conventional risk factors remains essential, especially in the inherently predisposed Southeast Asian population. This study aimed at clinical and biochemical profiling in angiographically proven CAD in young Gujarati Indians without conventional risk factors such as tobacco/alcohol consumption.

Methodology

This single-center, descriptive, cross-sectional case series included consecutive Gujarati patients aged ≤45 years presenting with symptomatic, angiographically significant CAD over a 15-month period. Patients with tobacco or alcohol exposure and those with concomitant pre-existing diabetes mellitus and hypertension were excluded. Clinical characteristics, biochemical parameters (glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile, lipoprotein A (LpA), homocysteine, apolipoproteins), and coronary angiographic findings were recorded. Analyses were primarily descriptive, with limited exploratory comparisons.

Results

Overall, 2/4 obese patients (50%) and 3/4 obese patients (75%) were newly diagnosed with dysglycemia and dyslipidemia, respectively. Among patients with single-vessel disease (SVD; n = 16), eight (50%) patients presented with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, whereas among those with multi-vessel disease (MVD; n = 6), three (50%) patients presented with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were observed in 8/16 (50%) patients with SVD and 3/6 (50%) patients with MVD. More than 5/6 (83.3%) patients with elevated LpA had SVD.

Conclusions

The study showed that non-conventional risk factors, such as obesity and family history of CAD, when combined with LpA and lipid profiles, can help in earlier identification of a predisposed individual in a high-risk population.