# Evaluating chemotherapy-driven placental alterations and their impact on fetal development

## TL;DR

This study examines how chemotherapy during pregnancy affects the placenta and fetal development in mice, finding that platinum-based drugs cause placental and fetal growth issues.

## Contribution

The study introduces a mouse model to evaluate chemotherapy effects on placental and fetal outcomes during pregnancy.

## Key findings

- Platinum-based agents like carboplatin reduced fetal and placental weights and altered placental morphology.
- Micro-CT and histopathology showed reduced placental volumes and increased trophoblast degeneration.
- Fetal growth restriction was linked to placental insufficiency rather than direct fetal toxicity.

## Abstract

Chemotherapy during pregnancy presents a clinical challenge, balancing maternal treatment efficacy with fetal safety. While chemotherapy after the first trimester is generally considered safe, its impact on placental development remains underexplored. This study investigates the effects of commonly used chemotherapeutic agents (CAs), including anthracyclines, taxanes, and platinum-based compounds, on maternal, placental, and fetal outcomes using a mouse model.

To model the chemotherapy exposure during pregnancy, pregnant mice received a single CA dose at embryonic day 13.5 (E13.5), equivalent to the beginning of the second trimester in human gestation. Placental and fetal outcomes were assessed at E15.5 and E18.5 using contrast-enhanced microtomography (micro-CT) and histopathological analyses to investigate the alterations associated to the exposure to differen CAs.

Platinum-based agents, particularly carboplatin, significantly reduced fetal and placental weights and altered placental morphology, with persistent effects observed at E18.5. Contrast-enhanced microtomography (micro-CT) and histopathological analyses revealed reduced placental volumes, in both the labyrinth and junctional zones, and increased signs of trophoblast degeneration. Despite these changes, embryonic viability and litter size remained unaffected, suggesting that fetal growth restriction may be driven by placental insufficiency rather than direct fetal toxicity.

These findings underscore the importance of placental assessment in evaluating chemotherapy safety during pregnancy and highlight the potential long-term implications of platinum-based treatments on fetal development.