# Non-invasive brain stimulation for chronic low back pain: current techniques and future perspectives

## TL;DR

This paper explores how non-invasive brain stimulation can help treat chronic low back pain by targeting brain regions involved in pain and movement.

## Contribution

The paper introduces novel rehabilitation approaches using non-invasive brain stimulation techniques for chronic low back pain.

## Key findings

- Non-invasive brain stimulation can target brain regions like the sensorimotor cortex and prefrontal cortex affected by chronic low back pain.
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation show therapeutic potential for managing chronic low back pain.
- Maladaptive brain changes in chronic low back pain patients suggest new rehabilitation strategies using brain stimulation.

## Abstract

Chronic low back pain has a high incidence rate and poses a threat to human physical and mental health. As the disease progresses over time, patients with chronic low back pain may exhibit corresponding clinical symptoms not only in localized back pain and functional limitations but also in movement patterns, psychological states, and cognitive aspects. As research continues to advance, maladaptive changes in the brains of patients with chronic low back pain have drawn the attention of scholars. Under sustained pathological stimulation, structural and functional alterations may occur in brain regions such as the sensorimotor cortex, prefrontal cortex, and cerebellum. Recently, non-invasive brain stimulation techniques have gained widespread clinical application and hold significant therapeutic value in the treatment of chronic low back pain. This paper outlines the targets and mechanisms of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques for treating chronic low back pain. It summarizes the current clinical applications of transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation in patients with chronic low back pain, and explores the prospects of non-invasive brain stimulation for managing this condition. The aim is to introduce novel approaches to rehabilitation therapy for chronic low back pain and provide a solid foundation for future research directions.