# Skin phototypes, UV exposure, and socioeconomic vulnerability in a region of the Brazilian Amazon

## TL;DR

This study examines skin types, sun exposure habits, and how socioeconomic factors affect sun protection practices among adults in the Brazilian Amazon.

## Contribution

The study links skin phototype distribution with socioeconomic vulnerability and photoprotection behaviors in a specific Amazonian region.

## Key findings

- Melano-protected skin types (V and VI) were most common (49.2%), followed by melano-competent (43.9%) and melano-compromised (7%).
- Darker phototypes face higher UV exposure due to work and cultural practices, while sunscreen use is low across all types.
- Socioeconomic vulnerability increases the likelihood of not adopting photoprotection practices by 2.28 times.

## Abstract

This study aimed to describe the skin phototypes of the sampled population in a region of the Brazilian Amazon using the Fitzpatrick scale, as well as to investigate sun exposure habits and associate photoprotection practices with socioeconomic vulnerability conditions. Data were obtained from a household survey conducted in 2022 by Community Health Agents of three Municipal Health Departments, covering 1,442 urban adults. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s Chi-squared test with Yates’ correction, and Odds Ratios were applied to assess associations between socioeconomic vulnerability and photoprotection practices. Results showed a predominance of melano-protected phototypes (V and VI, 49.2%), followed by melano-competent (III and IV, 43.9%) and melano-compromised (I and II, 7%). While lighter phototypes often adopt sun protection, darker phototypes face greater exposure linked to work and culture. Sunscreen adherence was low across all phototypes, with alternative methods, such as wearing hats and clothing, being more common. Socioeconomic vulnerability increased the likelihood of not adopting photoprotection practices by 2.28 times. These findings highlight that low sunscreen adherence, combined with socioeconomic vulnerability, substantially increases the risk of inadequate photoprotection in the Brazilian Amazon.