# Exploring the advances in 2D materials as a quest for energy storage electrode materials

## TL;DR

This review explores how 2D materials like graphene and MXenes are being used to improve energy storage devices such as batteries and supercapacitors.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in using 2D materials and their hybrid structures for next-generation energy storage systems.

## Key findings

- Graphene and MXenes offer high conductivity and capacitance, making them suitable for battery and supercapacitor electrodes.
- Hybrid structures combining 2D materials with carbon nanotubes and metal nanoparticles enhance energy storage performance.
- The integration of 2D materials into flexible devices supports advancements in portable electronics and IoT.

## Abstract

The increasing demand for effective energy storage solutions has spurred research into innovative materials with exceptional properties. Among these, two-dimensional (2D) materials have become popular alternatives due to their unique mechanical, chemical, and electrical characteristics. This review highlights recent advances in using 2D materials-such as graphene, MXenes, and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) for energy storage devices like batteries and supercapacitors. Graphene, known for its high conductivity and surface area, enhances charge storage when used as an anode. MXenes, a newer class with variable compositions, provide high capacitance for both anodes and cathodes. The large surface area and capacitance of graphene, along with the flexibility of MXenes, offer promising advantages. Additionally, combining 2D materials with carbon nanotubes and metal nanoparticles further improves storage performance. New hybrid architectures and composites that incorporate 2D materials optimise energy storage devices, increasing metrics such as energy density and cycling stability. Moreover, integrating 2D materials into flexible, wearable devices addresses the needs of portable electronics and IoT. The review links the structure, synthesis, and characterisation to the electrochemical behavior of each material and also captures recent advances in the last decade related to battery and supercapacitor applications. In addition, the review includes two tables that compare the performance of each type of material as well as an increased focus on emerging hybrid structures for next-generation energy storage systems.

2D materials such as graphene, MXenes, and transition metal dichalcogenides, through hybridization strategies, enable the realization of high-performance electrode architectures for next-generation battery and supercapacitor energy storage systems.