# Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the automotive industry: a state-of-the-art literature review

## TL;DR

This paper reviews recent research on musculoskeletal disorders in automotive industry workers, focusing on causes and solutions.

## Contribution

A state-of-the-art literature review analyzing recent approaches and challenges in preventing musculoskeletal disorders in the automotive industry.

## Key findings

- Repetitive movements, static postures, and production pace are key factors in musculoskeletal disorders.
- Integrating technology with worker involvement is crucial for safer work environments.
- Network-based research involving workers is recommended for effective occupational health solutions.

## Abstract

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders are occupational conditions that result
from the excessive use of the musculoskeletal system, combined with insufficient
time for physiological recovery. These disorders remain prevalent in the
automotive industry, particularly on assembly lines, and directly impact
workers’ health and sector productivity. This study aimed to analyze recent
scientific literature on work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the
automotive industry. The analysis focused on research approaches, preventive
practices, identified challenges, and future directions. The study covered the
period from 2020 to 2025 and used a state-of-the-art literature review method.
The literature was considered an interpretive and contextual field. Searches
were conducted in the SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, and BVS databases using free-text
and controlled terms combined with Boolean operators and adapted to the
specificities of each database. Grey literature was included through Google
Scholar. Study selection was conducted in successive stages: screening,
full-text reading, and critical analysis guided by research questions. These
stages followed predefined eligibility criteria. Of the 297 initial records, six
studies met the established criteria. Repetitive movements, static postures, and
production pace remain central determinants of the incidence and prevalence of
work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The findings underscore the importance
of integrating technological development and innovation with the active
involvement of workers to build safer, healthier, and more sustainable work
environments. Promoting network-based research in which workers play a central
role is key to advancing solutions that align with occupational health
surveillance guidelines and contemporary workplace challenges.