# TRPV2 regulates cell fate in the human granulosa-like tumor cell line KGN: implications for granulosa cell tumors and cannabidiol

## TL;DR

This study shows that TRPV2 influences cell behavior in granulosa cell tumors and suggests it could be a new target for treatment.

## Contribution

The study identifies TRPV2 as a novel marker and drug target for granulosa cell tumors.

## Key findings

- TRPV2 is highly expressed in 95% of granulosa cell tumors.
- Deleting TRPV2 increases cell proliferation and reduces cannabidiol-induced cell death.
- TRPV2 interacts with VDAC1 to influence cell death via mitochondrial pathways.

## Abstract

The transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channel is known to have strong species-dependent activation modes and divers functions. Based on previous results, which showed expression by human ovarian granulosa cells, we studied human TRPV2 in human granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) and derived cells (KGN cells). GCTs are rare ovarian tumors, for which neither specific therapies, nor adequate markers are available.

We analyzed primary GCTs, including a panel of 63 GCT samples, and KGN cells. We performed immunohisto-/cytochemistry, RT-PCR, Western blotting and measurements of intracellular Ca2+ levels. We studied consequences of CRISPR/Cas9-based deletion of TRPV2 on cell proliferation, migration and macropinocytotic behavior, examined changes in steroid hormone production, and determined corresponding alterations of the proteome of these cells.

We found that GCTs express TRPV2 to a large percentage (95%). To examine roles of TRPV2, we turned to the human GCT-derived KGN cell line. CRISPR/Cas9-based deletion of TRPV2 resulted in larger cell size, increases in proliferation, migration and macropinocytotic behavior, changes in steroid production, and corresponding alterations of the proteome of these cells. Deletion of TRPV2 also significantly reduced susceptibility to cell death, which was induced within hours by cannabidiol (CBD), a preferred ligand of TRPV2, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. However, cell death was not completely abolished and the analysis of the TRPV2-interactome suggested the voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) as a further target for CBD. VDAC1, as part of a cascade involving formation and persistent opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), is linked to cell death. A blocker of mPTP formation, cyclosporin A, significantly decreased the vulnerability of KGN cells to CBD-induced cell death. TRPV2-depleted KGN cells treated with cyclosporin A became almost completely insensitive to the effects of CBD.

The results reveal a role of TRPV2 in GCT cells. Thus, CBD causes cell death in KGN cells via direct TRPV2 activation and via interaction with VDAC1. Expression of TRPV2 may thus be a novel marker to distinguish subtypes of GCTs. Furthermore, TRPV2 represents a novel drug target.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-026-02729-y.