# Bibliometric analysis of knowledge maps and future trends of TIM-3 in cancer

**Authors:** Shuchi Lv, Shanchuan Huang, Langming Li, Kaifeng Lin, Hongliang Zhang, Yuqi Huang

PMC · DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1766463 · Frontiers in Oncology · 2026-02-10

## TL;DR

This paper analyzes 25 years of TIM-3 cancer research to identify trends, key contributors, and future directions in the field.

## Contribution

The study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of TIM-3 in cancer, highlighting research evolution and emerging trends.

## Key findings

- China, the United States, and Japan are the main contributors to TIM-3 cancer research.
- Frontiers in Immunology is the most productive journal in this field.
- TIM-3 research focuses on immune cells and biomarkers in cancer immunotherapy.

## Abstract

This study conducted a bibliometric analysis of TIM-3 research in cancer in the past 25 years and expounded on the mainstream countries, institutions, authors, journals, and publications in this field. It intuitively depicts the evolution trajectory and future direction of TIM-3 research in the past 25 years.

The published literature on the role of TIM-3 in cancer research was retrieved from the WoSCC and PubMed databases. Various bibliometric tools (including VOSviewer and CiteSpace) were used to identify the historical features, the evolution of active topics, and emerging trends.

A total of 1466 articles were retrieved, with the main contributors including China, the United States, and Japan. The journal with the most published articles was Frontiers in Immunology. Anderson AC is the core author of this research field. The most common keyword is “TIM-3.” Furthermore, 37 clinical trial articles in the PubMed database were included. The analysis indicated that the main contributing countries were the United States, China, and Japan, with the United States being the pioneer of TIM-3 clinical research in cancer. Among these authors, Leena Gandhi published the highest number of articles. Keyword analysis indicated that most researchers experimentally validated and analyzed the characteristics of immune cells and biomarkers within the tumor microenvironment to predict clinical responses and mechanisms of resistance in cancer immunotherapy.

The findings of this bibliometric study help researchers discover important topics and future research objectives by offering insights into the existing state and trends of TIM-3 in cancer.

## Linked entities

- **Genes:** HAVCR2 (hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2) [NCBI Gene 84868]
- **Diseases:** cancer (MONDO:0004992)

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** CD86 (CD86 molecule) [NCBI Gene 942] {aka B7-2, B7.2, B70, BU63, CD28LG2, CD86 v6}, CTLA4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4) [NCBI Gene 1493] {aka ALPS5, CD, CD152, CELIAC3, CTLA-4, GRD4}, LGALS9 (galectin 9) [NCBI Gene 396972] {aka UATP.I}, TGFB1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) [NCBI Gene 7040] {aka CAEND1, CED, DPD1, IBDIMDE, LAP, TGF-beta1}, LAG3 (lymphocyte activating 3) [NCBI Gene 3902] {aka CD223}, CD8A (CD8 subunit alpha) [NCBI Gene 925] {aka CD8, CD8alpha, IMD116, Leu2, p32}, CD28 (CD28 molecule) [NCBI Gene 940] {aka IMD123, Tp44}, CD4 (CD4 molecule) [NCBI Gene 920] {aka CD4mut, IMD79, Leu-3, OKT4D, T4}, CD274 (CD274 molecule) [NCBI Gene 29126] {aka ADMIO5, B7-H, B7H1, PD-L1, PDCD1L1, PDCD1LG1}, HMGB1 (high mobility group box 1) [NCBI Gene 3146] {aka HMG-1, HMG1, HMG3, SBP-1}, GZMB (granzyme B) [NCBI Gene 3002] {aka C11, CCPI, CGL-1, CGL1, CSP-B, CSPB}, IFNG (interferon gamma) [NCBI Gene 3458] {aka IFG, IFI, IMD69}, Havcr2 (hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2) [NCBI Gene 171285] {aka TIM-3, Tim3, Timd3}, TNF (tumor necrosis factor) [NCBI Gene 7124] {aka DIF, IMD127, TNF-alpha, TNFA, TNFSF2, TNLG1F}, IL10 (interleukin 10) [NCBI Gene 3586] {aka CSIF, GVHDS, IL-10, IL10A, TGIF}, CEACAM1 (CEA cell adhesion molecule 1) [NCBI Gene 634] {aka BGP, BGP1, BGPI}, HLA-C (major histocompatibility complex, class I, C) [NCBI Gene 3107] {aka D6S204, HLA-JY3, HLAC, HLC-C, MHC, PSORS1}, PDCD1 (programmed cell death 1) [NCBI Gene 5133] {aka ADMIO4, AIMTBS, CD279, PD-1, PD1, SLEB2}, TIMD4 (T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain containing 4) [NCBI Gene 91937] {aka SMUCKLER, TIM4}, HAVCR2 (hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2) [NCBI Gene 84868] {aka CD366, HAVcr-2, KIM-3, SPTCL, TIM3, TIMD-3}, FOXP3 (forkhead box P3) [NCBI Gene 50943] {aka AIID, DIETER, IPEX, JM2, PIDX, XPID}, NFKB1 (nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1) [NCBI Gene 4790] {aka CVID12, EBP-1, KBF1, NF-kB, NF-kB1, NF-kappa-B1}, LGALS9 (galectin 9) [NCBI Gene 3965] {aka HUAT, LGALS9A}, CD80 (CD80 molecule) [NCBI Gene 941] {aka B7, B7-1, B7.1, BB1, CD28LG, CD28LG1}, Lag3 (lymphocyte-activation gene 3) [NCBI Gene 16768] {aka CD223, LAG-3, Ly66}, Il2ra (interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain) [NCBI Gene 16184] {aka CD25, Il2r, Ly-43}, HAVCR1 (hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1) [NCBI Gene 26762] {aka CD365, HAVCR, HAVCR-1, KIM-1, KIM1, TIM}, Cd4 (CD4 antigen) [NCBI Gene 12504] {aka L3T4, Ly-4}, TRBV20OR9-2 (T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional)) [NCBI Gene 6962] {aka CDR3, TCRBV20S2, TCRBV2O, TCRBV2S2O}, Tigit (T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains) [NCBI Gene 100043314] {aka Vstm3}
- **Diseases:** metastasis (MESH:D009362), diffuse pontine glioma (MESH:D000080443), leukemia (MESH:D007938), colon cancer (MESH:D015179), urothelial carcinoma (MESH:D014523), TS (MESH:D005879), breast cancer (MESH:D001943), allergies (MESH:D004342), esophageal cancer (MESH:D004938), hepatocellular carcinoma (MESH:D006528), glioblastoma (MESH:D005909), prostate cancer (MESH:D011471), melanoma (MESH:D008545), pancreatic cancer (MESH:D010190), B16 melanoma (MESH:D008546), diabetes (MESH:D003920), Neoplasia (MESH:D009369), fibrosarcoma (MESH:D005354), lung cancer (MESH:D008175), asthma (MESH:D001249), autoimmune (MESH:D001327), gastric cancer (MESH:D013274), obese (MESH:D009765), AML (MESH:D015470), AC (MESH:D055577), NSCLC (MESH:D002289)
- **Chemicals:** ICI (-), PtdSer (MESH:D010718), carbohydrate (MESH:D002241), calcium (MESH:D002118), TSR-042 (MESH:C000719628), atezolizumab (MESH:C000594389), ipilimumab (MESH:D000074324)
- **Species:** Hepatovirus A (no rank) [taxon 12092], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090]
- **Cell lines:** TRAMP-C1 — Mus musculus (Mouse), Carcinoma of the mouse prostate gland, Cancer cell line (CVCL_H593), MC38 — Mus musculus (Mouse), Mouse colon adenocarcinoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_B288)

## Full text

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## Figures

9 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12930370/full.md

## References

83 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12930370/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12930370