# Spatial Profiling of Germinal Centers in Mouse Secondary Lymphoid Organs Using MACSima Imaging Cyclic Staining Technology

**Authors:** Isabel San Martín Molina, Hanneke Okkenhaug, Simon Walker, Michelle Linterman, Edith Marcial‐Juárez

PMC · DOI: 10.1002/eji.70157 · European Journal of Immunology · 2026-02-24

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new imaging method to study the structure of germinal centers in mouse lymphoid organs.

## Contribution

The novel contribution is a 50-plex imaging protocol with a new analysis method for detecting stromal cell morphology changes.

## Key findings

- A 50-plex imaging protocol was developed for germinal center microarchitecture.
- A new analysis method detects morphological changes in irregularly shaped stromal cells.
- The workflow includes tissue processing, cyclic imaging, and image preprocessing.

## Abstract

We developed a 50‐plex imaging protocol using the MACSima platform to characterize the microarchitecture of germinal centers in secondary lymphoid tissues. This workflow combines tissue processing, automated cyclic imaging, image preprocessing, and a new analysis method that detects morphological changes in irregularly shaped stromal cells.

## Linked entities

- **Species:** Mus musculus (taxon 10090)

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** Cd19 (CD19 antigen) [NCBI Gene 12478], Mki67 (antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki 67) [NCBI Gene 17345] {aka D630048A14Rik, Ki-67, Ki67}, Fcgr2b (Fc receptor, IgG, low affinity IIb) [NCBI Gene 14130] {aka CD32, F630109E10Rik, Fc[g]RII, FcgRII, Fcgr2, Fcgr2a}, Fcgr3 (Fc receptor, IgG, low affinity III) [NCBI Gene 14131] {aka CD16}, Ptprc (protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C) [NCBI Gene 19264] {aka B220, CD45R, Cd45, L-CA, Ly-5, Lyt-4}, Cr2 (complement receptor 2) [NCBI Gene 12902] {aka C3DR, CD21, CD35, Cr-1, Cr-2, Cr1}, Bcl6 (B cell leukemia/lymphoma 6) [NCBI Gene 12053] {aka Bcl5}, Madcam1 (mucosal vascular addressin cell adhesion molecule 1) [NCBI Gene 17123] {aka MAdCAM-1}, Ighg1 (immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 (G1m marker)) [NCBI Gene 16017] {aka IgG1, Igh-4, VH7183}, Cd4 (CD4 antigen) [NCBI Gene 12504] {aka L3T4, Ly-4}, Pdcd1 (programmed cell death 1) [NCBI Gene 18566] {aka Ly101, PD-1, Pdc1}, Mfge8 (milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing) [NCBI Gene 17304] {aka MFG-E8, MP47, Mfgm, P47, SED1, lactadherin}
- **Diseases:** infection (MESH:D007239), infectious diseases (MESH:D003141)
- **Chemicals:** DAPI (MESH:C007293), paraformaldehyde (MESH:C003043)
- **Species:** Rattus norvegicus (brown rat, species) [taxon 10116], Cricetus cricetus (black-bellied hamster, species) [taxon 10034], Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090]

## Full text

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## Figures

3 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12930330/full.md

## References

13 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12930330/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12930330