# Nutritional intake and growth in children with intestinal failure: An exploratory cross-sectional study

## TL;DR

This study explores how nutritional intake affects growth in children with intestinal failure, finding that low protein and lipid intake may hinder growth.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific nutritional factors associated with growth impairment in children with intestinal failure.

## Key findings

- Children with growth impairment had significantly lower lipid intake and sufficiency.
- Protein intake was lower in children with growth impairment, though sufficiency was high in both groups.
- Carbohydrate intake was higher in children with growth impairment.

## Abstract

Studies investigating growth impairment (GI) in children with intestinal failure (IF) have seldom reported its associated factors. We hypothesized that a deficient nutritional intake would affect GI in children with IF.

Nineteen patients (2–16 years old) who underwent home-based parenteral nutrition (PN) management at our institution, were divided into patients with or without GI (GI+/GI–). GI was defined as a height-for-age z-score (HAZ) ≤ −2. We performed between-group comparisons of HAZ in the intestinal rehabilitation program (IRP)/nutrition support team (NST) introduction time, PN dependency, residual small intestine length (RSIL), nutritional intake (calorie, protein, lipids, and carbohydrates), caloric intake ratio, and nutrient intake as a percentage of the recommended intake.

Six patients were in the GI+ group. PN dependency was significantly higher in the GI+ group (GI+, 109.8 %; GI < median, 61.7 %, P = 0.036). RSIL did not differ significantly between the groups (50 cm vs. 45 cm, P = 0.879). In the GI+ group, the caloric percentage of lipids was significantly lower (11.9 % vs. 17.5 %, P = 0.002), but that for carbohydrates was significantly higher (76.8 % vs. 66.8 %, P = 0.002), while lipid sufficiency was significantly lower (37.5 % vs. 89.6 %, respectively; P < 0.001). Protein intake in the GI+ group was significantly lower; however, the corresponding sufficiency was > 100 % in both groups (136.5 % vs. 209.2 %, P = 0.005).

For children with IF, a low intake ratio of proteins and lipids relative to energy requirement and required nutrient levels may inhibit adequate growth.