# Wearable Sensors Fabricated by 3D‐Printed Composite Hydrogel with 2D Fillers

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how 3D-printed hydrogels with 2D materials can create flexible sensors for health monitoring and robotics.

## Contribution

The paper introduces a novel approach using 3D-printed composite hydrogels with 2D fillers to improve sensor performance and adaptability.

## Key findings

- 3D-printed hydrogels with 2D fillers enhance sensor sensitivity and durability.
- These sensors can be used for pH monitoring, glucose detection, and food safety.
- Future applications include intelligent tactile feedback systems and gastrointestinal disease monitoring.

## Abstract

Flexible sensors demonstrate exceptional adaptability across human‐computer interaction, health monitoring, and robotic systems. However, sensing materials suffer from inadequate conformation capability and microstructural inaccuracies, resulting in function deficiencies. This review examines composite hydrogel formulations that incorporate conductive nanofillers, with particular emphasis on 2D nanomaterials, whose functional tunability enables precise regulation of electrical and interfacial properties. The strategic integration of microstructures further improves sensor sensitivity, durability, and environmental adaptability. We also examine implementation of flexible sensors based on 3D‐printed hydrogel in emerging applications including pH monitoring, glucose detection, and food safety assessment. We suggest that future development prioritize elucidating sensing mechanisms, achieving multifunctional integration, advancing material engineering, and refining precision manufacturing. Particularly promising research directions include developing intelligent tactile feedback systems for humanoid robots and creating capsule robot‐integrated platforms for gastrointestinal disease monitoring.

This review explores how 3D printing integrates 2D conductive fillers into hydrogel matrices to fabricate high‐performance flexible sensors. By tailoring microstructures and nanomaterial interactions, these devices achieve enhanced sensitivity, durability, and environmental adaptability for healthcare monitoring, human‐machine interfaces, and robotic sensing applications.