# Exploring the dynamic biopsychosocial health needs of middle-aged adults living alone: a qualitative study

## TL;DR

This study explores the health and support needs of middle-aged adults living alone in South Korea, highlighting the importance of social connections and community support for healthy aging.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific biopsychosocial needs and proposes multilevel strategies to support middle-aged adults living alone.

## Key findings

- Participants emphasized the importance of social relationships and supportive living environments.
- A lack of caregivers was identified as a key concern for health management.
- Community engagement and residential improvements were seen as vital for personal growth and well-being.

## Abstract

The number of middle-aged adults living alone in South Korea is increasing, raising concerns about their physical, mental, and social health. This study explored their health concerns and perceived support needs.

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 adults aged 40–64 years living alone in urban and suburban areas. Purposive sampling ensured diverse experiences. Data were analyzed using deductive qualitative content analysis guided by the social-ecological model.

Five themes emerged: (1) navigating aging with autonomy and avoidance, (2) seeking companionship for a healthier solitary life, (3) pursuing personal growth through community engagement, (4) recognizing the influence of residential environments, and (5) managing health through social safety nets. Participants valued independence but experienced disconnection from traditional support systems. They emphasized the importance of social relationships, supportive living environments, and the absence of caregivers as a key concern.

Tailored multilevel strategies are needed to support healthy aging among middle-aged adults living alone, including strengthening social connections, addressing caregiving gaps, and improving community and residential support.