# Divergent CD45+ immune landscapes shape the lung tumor microenvironment

## TL;DR

This study explores how different immune cell landscapes in lung tumors affect cancer progression and treatment potential.

## Contribution

The paper provides a detailed single-cell analysis of CD45+ immune cells in two lung tumor models, revealing distinct immune landscapes.

## Key findings

- LLC1 tumors show B cell expansion and inflammatory programs, while KrasLA2 tumors exhibit metabolic rewiring and balanced immune composition.
- Subclustering identified specialized immune cell subsets with distinct transcriptional and signaling features in each tumor model.
- Ligand-receptor analyses revealed divergent intercellular communication networks in LLC1 and KrasLA2 tumors.

## Abstract

The lung tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the progression and metastasis of lung cancer. It consists of various cell types that interact in complex ways to influence tumor behavior. CD45+ cells, as a component of the TME, have complex and multifaceted roles in lung cancer. The balance between the anti-tumor and pro-tumor functions of CD45+ cells can significantly affect lung cancer outcomes. Understanding these roles is essential for developing targeted therapies that harness the beneficial effects of CD45+ cells while mitigating their harmful effects.

We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of sorted CD45+ immune cells from healthy lungs, orthotopic LLC1 tumors, and KrasLA2 (Kras) genetically engineered tumors. Analyses included immune composition, transcriptional programs, differentiation trajectories, metabolic states, and ligand-receptor-based intercellular communication networks.

Four major immune compartments, B cells, T cells, NK cells, and macrophages, underwent model-specific remodeling. LLC1 tumors showed B cell expansion and T and NK cell reduction, with inflammatory, stress-response, and NF−κB/TNF-dominant programs. KrasLA2 tumors retained a balanced immune composition but exhibited metabolic rewiring, elevated antigen-presentation signatures, and selective intercellular signaling. Subclustering revealed specialized changes across B cell (resting, mature, pre-Bcr, late pro-B, plasma), T cell (Cd4+, Cd8+, memory, activated, Treg, Th17), NK cell (Fcgr3high, Fcgr3low, Xcl1+), and macrophage (Ace+, Bcr+, Ccr2+, Cd3+, metabolic, MHCII+) subsets. Ligand-receptor analyses highlighted dense inflammatory networks in LLC1 tumors versus metabolically tuned signaling in KrasLA2 tumors.

Distinct CD45+ immune landscapes, characterized by inflammatory suppression in LLC1 and metabolic adaptation in KrasLA2 tumors, shape lung tumor biology. This atlas identifies genotype-specific immune vulnerabilities with potential relevance for precision immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer.