# Quantifying the stability landscapes of psychological networks

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new method to analyze the stability of mental disorder networks using a computational approach based on Ising models.

## Contribution

A novel method to quantify the stability landscapes of psychological networks using Ising model Hamiltonians and stability metrics.

## Key findings

- The method is computationally more efficient than simulation-based approaches.
- The method quantifies the stability of all possible system states in psychological networks.
- Stability metrics and bootstrapping methods are proposed to compare phases between groups.

## Abstract

The network theory of psychopathology proposes that mental disorders can be represented as networks of interacting psychiatric symptoms. These direct symptom–symptom interactions can create a vicious cycle of symptom activation, pushing the network to a self-sustaining, dysfunctional phase of psychopathology: a mental disorder. Symptom network models can be estimated from empirical data through statistical models. Although simulation studies have established a relation between the structure of these symptom network models and the probability they end up in a self-sustaining dysfunctional phase, the general stability of the system is left implicit. The general stability includes both the stability of the dysfunctional phase and the stability of the healthy phase. In this paper, we present a novel method to quantify the stability landscapes of network models through stability landscapes. Our method is based on the Hamiltonian of the microstates of Ising models and can be used to show the stability of estimated Ising network models. Compared to simulation-based methods, our approach is computationally more efficient and quantifies the stability of all possible system states. Furthermore, we propose a set of stability metrics to quantify the stability of the healthy and dysfunctional phases and a bootstrapping method for range estimation of the stability metrics. To demonstrate the method’s utility, we apply it to an empirical data set and show how it can be used to compare the stability of phases between groups. The presented method is implemented in a freely available R package, Isinglandr.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.3758/s13428-025-02917-7.