# Real-World Effects of Melanopic-Enhanced Classroom Lighting on Sleep, Mood, and Cognition in Male Korean Adolescents: A Field-Based Pilot Study

## TL;DR

This study explores how classroom lighting affects sleep, mood, and attention in Korean male teens, finding some benefits in attention with specific LED lighting.

## Contribution

The study introduces a novel approach using 470–490 nm LED lighting to improve attention in adolescents during school hours.

## Key findings

- The experimental group showed a significant reduction in attentional errors compared to the control group.
- No significant changes were observed in sleep or mood outcomes.
- Wavelength-optimized lighting may support sustained attention in educational settings.

## Abstract

Light exposure profoundly influences human emotions and physiology. Yet, adolescents spend considerable time under artificial indoor lighting. Reduced daytime light exposure delays the circadian clock, negatively affecting sleep, cognition, and mood. This pilot study examined whether 470–490 nm enhanced LED lighting modulates mood, sleep quality, and attention among 65 male Korean high school students (mean age = 15.4 years) who participated in a two-week intervention. Both groups were exposed to natural daylight, but the experimental group additionally used LED lighting enriched in the 470–490 nm wavelength range, whereas the control group used LED lighting without modified spectral characteristics. Students were exposed to the assigned lighting from 08:00 to 17:00 during regular school hours for two consecutive weeks. To evaluate the effects of the two-week intervention, pre- and post-assessments included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Richards–Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Frankfurter Attention Inventory (FAIR), administered twice at each assessment point. The linear mixed-effect model showed a significant time × group interaction for line errors in the first FAIR trial (F (1, 52) = 5.21, p = 0.027, η2 partial = 0.09), suggesting a greater relative reduction in attentional errors in the experimental group compared with the control group. No significant effects were observed for sleep- or mood-related outcomes. These results indicate the potential relevance of wavelength-optimized lighting in educational settings where sustained attention is critical. Future studies with larger samples and longer interventions are required to confirm and extend these findings.