# Transplacental Antibody Transfer: Mechanisms, Pregnancy-Related Disruptions, and Emerging Experimental Models

## TL;DR

This review explains how antibodies are transferred from mother to fetus through the placenta and how this process can be disrupted during pregnancy.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive overview of transplacental IgG transfer mechanisms and disruptions, offering insights for improving maternal vaccination strategies.

## Key findings

- The neonatal Fc receptor is the primary transporter of IgGs across the placental epithelium.
- Pregnancy-related conditions like preterm birth and hyperglycaemia can disrupt antibody transfer.
- Current models for studying transplacental IgG transfer have significant knowledge gaps.

## Abstract

The transplacental transfer of maternal immunoglobulin G from the mother to the foetus is central for providing immunity in early life, resulting in full-term newborns having IgG repertoires and levels similar to those of their mothers. The neonatal Fc receptor is recognised as the primary transporter of IgGs across the placental epithelium. Understanding the mechanisms of transplacental antibody transfer and factors that affect them is essential in optimising maternal vaccination strategies, ultimately protecting infants from various environmental pathogens. This review first outlines the biological mechanisms governing transplacental IgG transfer, followed by a discussion of how this process may be disrupted by physiological and pathological conditions during pregnancy, including preterm birth, hypergammaglobulinemia, maternal pathogenic IgG, maternal infections, hyperglycaemia, and exposure to biological therapies. We also summarise currently available models used to study transplacental IgG transfer, highlighting existing knowledge gaps and future directions for research in this field.