# Good Practices and Challenges in the Collaboration of Pharmacists with General Practitioners—A Scoping Review

## TL;DR

This review explores how pharmacists and doctors can work better together in primary care to improve patient health and medication management.

## Contribution

The study identifies key facilitators and barriers to pharmacist-general practitioner collaboration in primary healthcare.

## Key findings

- Pharmacist co-location and shared electronic health records facilitate better collaboration.
- Limited communication and financial constraints are major barriers to collaboration.
- Policy support and professional training are essential for sustained collaboration.

## Abstract

Optimizing medication management and improving patient health outcomes depend primarily on the strength of primary healthcare services, where collaboration between general practitioners (GPs) and pharmacists plays a critical role. This scoping review aimed to identify the main facilitators and barriers influencing pharmacist–GP collaboration. The review was conducted in line with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science identified studies published in English between January 2019 and May 2025, of which twenty met the inclusion criteria. Key facilitators of collaboration included pharmacist co-location within GP practices, clearly defined professional responsibilities, access to shared electronic health records, and supportive government policies. Barriers most frequently reported were limited communication pathways, insufficient interprofessional training, and financial constraints. Overall, the findings suggest that effective pharmacist–GP collaboration relies on structural integration, professional trust, and policy initiatives that enable sustained cooperation. Long-term investment in collaborative infrastructure and workforce development will be essential to strengthen primary care, support patient outcomes, and ensure more efficient use of healthcare resources.