# Roles and Responsibilities in Pharmacy Practice as Determinants of Burnout: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Survey of Community Pharmacists and Pharmacy Assistants in the Northeastern Region of Bulgaria

## TL;DR

This study compares burnout levels among pharmacists and pharmacy assistants in Bulgaria, finding that work environment factors like poor communication and workload contribute to burnout.

## Contribution

The study identifies role-specific work characteristics influencing burnout among community pharmacy professionals in Bulgaria.

## Key findings

- High emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were observed in both pharmacists and pharmacy assistants.
- Poor team communication and negative workplace climate affected both groups, while physical workload and interruptions were more prominent for pharmacy assistants.

## Abstract

Background: Burnout is a significant occupational risk among healthcare professionals, including community pharmacy staff, whose differing roles and responsibilities may influence burnout determinants. This study aimed to compare burnout levels and associated work characteristics between master pharmacists (MPs) and assistant pharmacists (APs) working in community pharmacies in Northeastern Bulgaria. Methods: A cross-sectional observational survey was conducted between November 2023 and December 2024 using an anonymous, self-administered online questionnaire completed by 221 MPs and 151 APs. Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory—Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel, measuring emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment (PA). Work characteristics were evaluated using items adapted from an internationally recognized European Commission guideline on occupational health and safety risks in the healthcare sector. Results: High levels of EE and DP were observed in both groups, with no statistically significant differences in mean burnout scores. Age and years of professional experience were not significantly associated with burnout. However, work environment factors differed: poor team communication and a negative workplace climate affected both groups, whereas lack of recognition and support was more influential for MPs, and physical workload and frequent interruptions were more prominent stressors for APs. Conclusions: Burnout is prevalent among community pharmacy professionals, with role-specific organizational factors shaping its determinants and highlighting the need for targeted preventive strategies.