# Prussian Blue Analogues for Non‐Aqueous Sodium‐Ion and Potassium‐Ion Batteries: The Landscape From Lab‐Scale Optimizations Toward Practical Applications

## TL;DR

Prussian blue analogues are promising materials for sodium and potassium-ion batteries, but challenges remain in making them practical for real-world use.

## Contribution

This review connects material fundamentals with lab-scale optimizations to guide the practical application of PBAs in non-aqueous batteries.

## Key findings

- PBAs offer low cost and structural robustness for SIBs and PIBs.
- Particle size, crystal water, and safety are critical for real-world viability.
- Synthesis and interfacial stability influence energy density and cycle life.

## Abstract

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) have emerged as promising cathode materials for next‐generation potassium‐ion (PIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) owing to their simple synthesis, low cost, structural robustness, and well‐balanced electrochemical properties. Despite these advantages, several intrinsic challenges continue to limit their practical implementation. This review provides a concise roadmap connecting material‐level fundamentals with key lab‐scale optimization strategies, and highlights the factors that most critically influence the real‐world viability of PBAs. Beyond targeting high performance, we evaluate the practicality of different approaches, with particular attention to particle size, crystal water, and safety considerations. The discussion aims to guide researchers in advancing PBAs toward scalable non‐aqueous energy‐storage systems and in supporting the broader development of sustainable battery technologies.

Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) are scalable cathode materials for non‐aqueous sodium‐ (SIBs) and potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs). This review links crystal chemistry, defect control, and particle engineering with electrochemical performance, highlighting how synthesis, crystal water, and interfacial stability jointly determine practical energy density, safety, and cycle life in next‐generation sustainable battery systems.