# The evolution of antibody-secreting cell biological exploration: one mouse model at a time

**Authors:** KimAnh Trang Pioli, Peter Dion Pioli

PMC · DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2026.1739007 · Frontiers in Immunology · 2026-02-06

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how mouse models have advanced our understanding of antibody-secreting cells and their roles beyond antibody production.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution and future of mouse models in studying ASC biology.

## Key findings

- Mouse models have enabled significant insights into ASC development and function.
- ASCs are a heterogeneous population with roles beyond antibody secretion.
- Future mouse models may further clarify ASC biology in health and disease.

## Abstract

Upon antigenic exposure, B cells become activated and undergo differentiation into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) which secrete thousands of antibodies per second. However, ASCs have shown themselves to be a heterogenous population which possesses capabilities well beyond just antibody secretion. Therefore, a growing need exists to more comprehensively assess ASC biology. As the rise of genetically modified mouse models has allowed for substantial gains in our understanding of immune system development and function, it also enables the exploration of ASC development and function. This Perspective article aims to highlight the evolution in mouse models which have facilitated the advancement of ASC research in areas including development, function, heterogeneity and longevity. Furthermore, we discuss the future of ASC mouse models as it pertains to their potential of furthering our understanding of ASC biology in health and disease.

## Linked entities

- **Species:** Mus musculus (taxon 10090)

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** Cd93 (CD93 antigen) [NCBI Gene 17064] {aka 6030404G09Rik, AA4.1, C1qr1, C1qrp, Ly68}, Sdc1 (syndecan 1) [NCBI Gene 20969] {aka CD138, Sstn, Synd, Synd1, syn-1}, Nfkb1 (nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105) [NCBI Gene 18033] {aka NF-KB1, NF-kappaB, NF-kappaB1, p105, p50, p50/p105}, Prdm1 (PR domain containing 1, with ZNF domain) [NCBI Gene 12142] {aka Blimp-1, Blimp1, PRDI-BF1, ZNFPR1A1, b2b1765Clo}, Il5 (interleukin 5) [NCBI Gene 16191] {aka Il-5}, Cd44 (CD44 antigen) [NCBI Gene 12505] {aka HERMES, Ly-24, Pgp-1}, Spib (Spi-B transcription factor (Spi-1/PU.1 related)) [NCBI Gene 272382] {aka Spi-B}, Ighg1 (immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 (G1m marker)) [NCBI Gene 16017] {aka IgG1, Igh-4, VH7183}, Hbegf (heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor) [NCBI Gene 15200] {aka Dtr, Dts, Hegfl}, Jchain (immunoglobulin joining chain) [NCBI Gene 16069] {aka 9530090F24Rik, Igj, Jch}, H2 (histocompatibility-2, MHC) [NCBI Gene 111364] {aka H-2, MHC-II}, Mapk3 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 3) [NCBI Gene 26417] {aka Erk-1, Erk1, Ert2, Esrk1, Mnk1, Mtap2k}, Ccnd1 (cyclin D1) [NCBI Gene 12443] {aka CycD1, Cyl-1, PRAD1, bcl-1, cD1}, Bcl6 (B cell leukemia/lymphoma 6) [NCBI Gene 12053] {aka Bcl5}, Cxcr3 (C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3) [NCBI Gene 12766] {aka Cd183, Cmkar3}, Irf4 (interferon regulatory factor 4) [NCBI Gene 16364] {aka IRF-4, LSIRF, NF-EM5, Spip}, Sts (steroid sulfatase) [NCBI Gene 20905] {aka ArsC}, Igha (immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha) [NCBI Gene 238447] {aka IgA, Igh-2}, Tlr7 (toll-like receptor 7) [NCBI Gene 170743], Ighv1-9 (immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-9) [NCBI Gene 668478] {aka Gm16697, Igg2a}, Xbp1 (X-box binding protein 1) [NCBI Gene 22433] {aka D11Ertd39e, TREB-5, TREB5, XBP-1}, Il6 (interleukin 6) [NCBI Gene 16193] {aka Il-6}, Klf2 (Kruppel-like transcription factor 2 (lung)) [NCBI Gene 16598] {aka Lklf}, Cd4 (CD4 antigen) [NCBI Gene 12504] {aka L3T4, Ly-4}, Mki67 (antigen identified by monoclonal antibody Ki 67) [NCBI Gene 17345] {aka D630048A14Rik, Ki-67, Ki67}, Slc3a2 (solute carrier family 3 (activators of dibasic and neutral amino acid transport), member 2) [NCBI Gene 17254] {aka 4F2, 4F2HC, Cd98, Ly-10, Ly-m10, Ly10}, Serpinb1-ps1 (serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene) [NCBI Gene 282665] {aka EID, ovalbumin}, Pax5 (paired box 5) [NCBI Gene 18507] {aka BSAP, EBB-1, KLP, Pax-5}, Cd19 (CD19 antigen) [NCBI Gene 12478], Slamf6 (SLAM family member 6) [NCBI Gene 30925] {aka KAL1, KAL1b, Ly108, NTB-A, NTBA, SF2000}, Ccr2 (C-C motif chemokine receptor 2) [NCBI Gene 12772] {aka Cc-ckr-2, Ccr2a, Ccr2b, Ckr2, Ckr2a, Ckr2b}, Il10 (interleukin 10) [NCBI Gene 16153] {aka CSIF, If2a, Il-10}, Epcam (epithelial cell adhesion molecule) [NCBI Gene 17075] {aka CD326, EGP, EGP-2, Egp314, Ep-CAM, EpCAM1}, Ptprc (protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C) [NCBI Gene 19264] {aka B220, CD45R, Cd45, L-CA, Ly-5, Lyt-4}, Ighv1-62 (immunoglobulin heavy variable 1-62) [NCBI Gene 668542] {aka IgG, IgM, IgVH, Igh}, Foxp3 (forkhead box P3) [NCBI Gene 20371] {aka JM2, scurfin, sf}, Rag1 (recombination activating 1) [NCBI Gene 19373] {aka Rag-1}, Tnfrsf13b (tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 13b) [NCBI Gene 57916] {aka 1200009E08Rik, Taci}, Ebf1 (early B cell factor 1) [NCBI Gene 13591] {aka Ebf, O/E-1, OE-1, Olf-1, Olf1}, Ighm (immunoglobulin heavy constant mu) [NCBI Gene 16019] {aka Igh-6, Igh-M, Igh6, Igm, TC1460681, muH}, Mcl1 (myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1) [NCBI Gene 17210] {aka Gm52627, Mcl-1}
- **Diseases:** inflammation (MESH:D007249), multiple myeloma (MESH:D009101), ASC-derived cancer (MESH:D009369), neuroinflammation (MESH:D000090862), autoimmune disease (MESH:D001327), SLE (MESH:D008180), cat allergies (MESH:D002371), viral (MESH:D014777), infection (MESH:D007239), ASC (MESH:D065309), experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (MESH:D004681), shrimp allergies (MESH:D004342), Plasmodium infection (MESH:D008288), fungal infections (MESH:D009181)
- **Chemicals:** 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl acetyl (MESH:C026242), tamoxifen (MESH:D013629), Bortezomib (MESH:D000069286), BICREAD (-), L-glutamine (MESH:D005973), NP (MESH:D009405)
- **Species:** Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090], Ovis aries (domestic sheep, species) [taxon 9940], LCMV [taxon 11623], Rattus norvegicus (brown rat, species) [taxon 10116], Myxine glutinosa (Atlantic hagfish, species) [taxon 7769], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Plasmodium (subgenus) [taxon 418103], West Nile virus (no rank) [taxon 11082]
- **Cell lines:** MRL-lpr — Mus musculus (Mouse), Stromal cell line (CVCL_B6HA), Ly-6AHI — Homo sapiens (Human), Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Cancer cell line (CVCL_8802)

## Full text

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## References

102 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12920448/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12920448