# Assessing maximum oxygen uptake through a motor-cognitive reactive agility test in team ball sports athletes

**Authors:** Thorben Hülsdünker, Khatija Bahdur, Laetitia Flammang, Fernando Naclerio, Yannick Sondermann, Andreas Mierau, Bettina Karsten

PMC · DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2026.1749132 · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · 2026-02-06

## TL;DR

This study shows that a new reactive agility test can accurately measure maximum oxygen uptake in team sport athletes, better reflecting their sport-specific demands.

## Contribution

The study introduces a motor-cognitive reactive agility test as a valid and sport-specific alternative to traditional treadmill testing for measuring VO2max.

## Key findings

- The RA Test produced a mean VO2max difference of 0.25 mL/kg/min compared to treadmill testing, with strong agreement between the two methods.
- Statistical analyses showed strong correlation and reliability (CCC = 0.94, ICC = 0.943, r = 0.94) between the RA Test and treadmill VO2max measurements.
- The RA Test reliably elicits a true VO2max response and is a valid alternative for team sport athletes.

## Abstract

Conventional laboratory and field tests often underestimate VO2max and fail to reflect the reactive agility, multidirectional demands of team ball sports. This study examined whether a motor-cognitive Reactive Agility (RA) Test can elicit a true VO2max response and serve as a sport-specific alternative for assessing VO2max in team sport athletes.

Fifty-three team ball sports athletes performed an exhaustive incremental treadmill test and a motor-cognitive RA Test. The RA Test was performed on the SKILLCOURT and contained four all-out reactive agility runs of 150 m with an intermittent break of 30 s. VO2max was determined in both tests using a portable gas analyzer. Dependent t-tests, Blant-Altman analysis, concordance correlation coefficient (CCC), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and correlation analyses were performed.

The mean difference in VO2max between the tests was 0.25 mL × kg−1 × min−1 (0.5%, p = 0.55) with upper and lower 95% limits of agreement at 6.02 (11%) and −5.53 (10%) mL × kg−1 × min−1, respectively. CCC (pc = 0.94), ICC (0.943) and correlation analysis (r = 0.94) revealed a strong agreement and relation between VO2max in the treadmill and RA Test.

The RA Test reliably elicits a true VO2max response and offers a valid and more sport-specific option when compared to laboratory treadmill assessment for measuring VO2max in team ball sport athletes.

## Full-text entities

- **Diseases:** CoD (MESH:D051556), muscular injuries (MESH:D014947), cardio-vascular diseases (MESH:D014652)
- **Chemicals:** alcohol (MESH:D000438), oxygen (MESH:D010100), lactate (MESH:D019344)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

## Full text

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## Figures

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## References

40 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12919978/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12919978