# The soil depth determines soil multifunctionality via shaping the soil properties and microbial diversity

## TL;DR

This study shows how soil depth affects soil functions by changing soil properties and microbial diversity in a subalpine grassland.

## Contribution

The study identifies soil properties as the main drivers of soil multifunctionality and highlights the role of microbial diversity.

## Key findings

- Soil multifunctionality, microbial diversity, and network complexity decrease with increasing soil depth.
- Soil properties like pH and water content primarily determine microbial community structure.
- Bacterial diversity is strongly linked to soil nutrient and carbon functions, but fungal diversity is not.

## Abstract

Soil microorganisms drive subsurface ecological processes and are shaped by soil properties, which in turn influence biogeochemical cycling. Although the link between biodiversity and soil multifunctionality (SMF) has received widespread attention, the relative roles of soil properties and microbial community structure in regulating SMF remain unclear.

Here, we investigated SMF and microbial communities in the humus layer and across the 0–80 cm depth of natural soil profiles in a subalpine grassland using high-throughput sequencing.

Our findings revealed that SMF, microbial diversity and network complexity decreased significantly with soil depth. Microbial community structure was primarily determined by pH and soil water content (SWC). Soil properties were the primary drivers of SMF, predicting 47.24%–63.75% of its variance. Microbial diversity was a stronger predictor of SMF than network complexity, explaining 26.09–44.56% of its variation. Bacterial diversity was significantly positively correlated with soil nutrient, carbon and nitrogen multifunctionality, while fungal diversity was not significantly correlated with them. This finding provides critical data support for elucidating the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.