# Pathomic model to predict the expression of UQCRH and overall survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients

## TL;DR

This study creates a pathomic model to predict UQCRH expression and survival outcomes in lung adenocarcinoma patients using gene data and histopathological images.

## Contribution

A novel pathomic model combining UQCRH expression and histopathological features for LUAD prognosis and ICI therapy prediction is developed.

## Key findings

- UQCRH is highly expressed in various cancers, including lung adenocarcinoma.
- High UQCRH expression is a poor prognostic factor for LUAD patients.
- The pathomic model correlates with UQCRH levels and predicts better ICI response in high-risk patients.

## Abstract

Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase hinge protein (UQCRH) is a component of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex CIII. Its relationship with human cancer has been less studied. Pathomics uses artificial intelligence algorithms to collect histopathological image features and perform joint analysis by combining gene and transcriptome data. In this study, a pathomics prediction model was established based on UQCRH expression and histopathological images of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Prognostic value and other analyses were conducted based on this model.

The expression level of UQCRH in 33 types of human cancers was measured. Its relationship with the survival of the primary LUAD samples with complete pathological images, gene expression data, and clinical information were divided into high and low expression groups based on the expression level threshold of the UQCRH gene (Table S1). LUAD patients was studied. Pathomic prediction model was established by using machine learning algorithms according to the UQCRH expression level and the characteristics of LUAD histopathological images. Based on this prediction model, survival analysis, molecular pathways, immune infiltration, immunological subtypes, ICI treatment prediction, and drug sensitivity analyses were performed.

UQCRH is highly expressed in various cancers, including LUAD. In addition, we verified that UQCRH is overexpressed in human LUAD tissues. High expression of UQCRH is worse prognostic factor for LUAD patients. A pathomic prediction model was constructed based on the UQCRH expression level and histopathology image features. The pathomic score showed good correlation with the UQCRH expression level. Patients in the high-risk group of the pathomic prediction model had worse prognosis and higher tumor proliferation ability, but may have better response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy.

We have established a pathomic prediction model for LUAD based on gene expression values and according to histopathological image features, which can predict patient survival prognosis and has potential guiding value for ICIs therapy.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13000-026-01770-2.