# Risk factors for deep venous thrombosis in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and their long-term prognostic implications

## TL;DR

This study finds that certain factors increase the risk of venous thrombosis in patients with brain hemorrhage, and those with thrombosis face worse long-term recovery outcomes.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific risk factors for venous thrombosis in ICH patients and shows their association with poor long-term outcomes.

## Key findings

- Extended hospital stay, higher NIH Stroke Scale score, and elevated D-dimer levels are risk factors for venous thrombosis in ICH patients.
- Venous thrombosis is linked to worse functional outcomes at discharge, 90 days, and one year after onset.
- Mortality rates were not significantly different between patients with and without venous thrombosis.

## Abstract

This study sought to identify the risk factors associated with venous thrombosis for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in a long term.

A retrospective analysis was performed on the ICH patients between January 2021 and December 2022.

A total of 737 patients were examined with 86 patients (11.7 %) of venous thrombosis. The risk factors linked to venous thrombosis were the length of hospital stay (p<0.001), admission NIH Stroke Scale (p=0.008), and D-dimer levels (p=0.041). No significant differences in mortality rates existed at any timepoint in this study between patients with and without venous thrombosis after correction analysis (p>0.05). However, patients who developed a venous thrombosis exhibited a higher rate of poor outcomes compared to patients who did not develop a venous thrombosis (p<0.05) at the time of hospital discharge (90.7 % vs. 59.6 %), 90 days post-onset (73.2 % vs. 41.6 %), and 1-year post-onset (73.2 % vs. 41.0 %).

The identified risk factors for venous thrombosis among ICH patients include extended hospitalization, elevated NIH Stroke Scale score and D-dimer level. The occurrence of a venous thrombosis correlated with inferior functional outcomes at the time of hospital discharge, at 90 days and 1 year after onset.