# Migrasome as a novel organelle: Biogenesis, physiological functions, and therapeutic potential

**Authors:** Rumeng Tang, Ling Zhou, Jiaran Lin, Xiangyuan Zhang, Pengfei Xie, Lili Zhang, Linhua Zhao, Xiaolin Tong

PMC · DOI: 10.1515/jtim-2026-0008 · Journal of Translational Internal Medicine · 2026-02-13

## TL;DR

Migrasomes are newly discovered cell structures involved in development and disease, with potential for medical use.

## Contribution

The paper introduces novel hypotheses and future directions for migrasome research and clinical applications.

## Key findings

- Migrasomes are formed during cell migration and contain signaling molecules.
- They play roles in development, angiogenesis, and disease processes.
- Potential exists for migrasomes in clinical diagnostics and therapeutics.

## Abstract

Migrasomes are a recently identified type of membranous organelle formed during cell migration. They are produced by migratory cells and widely distributed across various cells and tissues. Migrasomes contain abundant signaling and bioactive molecules, playing crucial roles in embryonic development, angiogenesis, material transport, mitochondrial quality control, and coagulation, as well as participating significantly in numerous pathological processes. This paper provides a detailed overview of the latest advancements in migrasome biology research, including migrasome biogenesis, physiological functions, isolation, and identification, and their roles in the onset, progression, diagnosis, and treatment of clinical diseases. In addition, we propose novel hypotheses and outline future research directions addressing current challenges and potential clinical applications of migrasomes, which may inform their utilization in future clinical diagnostics and therapeutics.

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** Vim (vimentin) [NCBI Gene 22352], Kif5b (kinesin family member 5B) [NCBI Gene 16573] {aka Khc, Khcs, Kns1, Ukhc}, Lamp3 (lysosomal-associated membrane protein 3) [NCBI Gene 239739] {aka 1200002D17Rik, Cd208, DC-LAMP, DCLAMP, LAMP, TSC403}, TSPAN4 (tetraspanin 4) [NCBI Gene 7106] {aka NAG-2, NAG2, TETRASPAN, TM4SF7, TSPAN-4}, TSPAN9 (tetraspanin 9) [NCBI Gene 10867] {aka NET-5, NET5, PP1057}, Rab35 (RAB35, member RAS oncogene family) [NCBI Gene 77407] {aka 9530019H02Rik, H-ray, RAB1C, RAY}, Rac1 (Rac family small GTPase 1) [NCBI Gene 19353] {aka D5Ertd559e}, Rhoa (ras homolog family member A) [NCBI Gene 11848] {aka Arha, Arha1, Arha2}, Pigk (phosphatidylinositol glycan anchor biosynthesis, class K) [NCBI Gene 329777] {aka 3000001O05Rik, Gm38470, PIG-K}, Cd151 (CD151 antigen) [NCBI Gene 12476] {aka PETA-3, SFA-1, Tspan24}, Pip5k1a (phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type 1 alpha) [NCBI Gene 18720] {aka PI4P5K-I[a], PIP5K1-alpha, PIP5KIalpha, Pipk5a}, Cd5 (CD5 antigen) [NCBI Gene 12507] {aka Ly-1, Ly-12, Ly-A, Lyt-1}, TSPAN4 (tetraspanin 4) [NCBI Gene 423104], Cpq (carboxypeptidase Q) [NCBI Gene 54381] {aka 1190003P12Rik, 2610034C17Rik, Hls2, Lal-1, Pgcp}, F2 (coagulation factor II) [NCBI Gene 14061] {aka Cf-2, Cf2, FII}, Eogt (EGF domain specific O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase) [NCBI Gene 101351] {aka A130022J15Rik, Aer61}, Rho (rhodopsin) [NCBI Gene 212541] {aka Noerg1, Opn2, Ops, RP4}, Itga5 (integrin alpha 5 (fibronectin receptor alpha)) [NCBI Gene 16402] {aka Cd49e, Fnra, VLA5}, Myo19 (myosin XIX) [NCBI Gene 66196] {aka 1110055A02Rik, Myohd1}, Tgfb1 (transforming growth factor, beta 1) [NCBI Gene 21803] {aka TGF-beta1, TGFbeta1, Tgfb, Tgfb-1}, Cd9 (CD9 antigen) [NCBI Gene 12527] {aka Tspan29}, Cers5 (ceramide synthase 5) [NCBI Gene 71949] {aka 2310081H14Rik, Lass5, Trh4}, Cd5l (CD5 antigen-like) [NCBI Gene 11801] {aka 1/6, AAC-11, AIM, Api6, CT2, Pdp}, Cd274 (CD274 antigen) [NCBI Gene 60533] {aka A530045L16Rik, B7h1, Pdcd1l1, Pdcd1lg1, Pdl1}, Dnm1l (dynamin 1-like) [NCBI Gene 74006] {aka 6330417M19Rik, Dlp1, Dnmlp1, Drp1, python}, Sgms2 (sphingomyelin synthase 2) [NCBI Gene 74442] {aka 4933405A16Rik, 5133401H06Rik, Sms2}, Lamp1 (lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1) [NCBI Gene 16783] {aka CD107a, LGP-120, LGP-A, Lamp-1, P2B, Perk}, RAB35 (RAB35, member RAS oncogene family) [NCBI Gene 11021] {aka H-ray, RAB1C, RAY}, Itgb1 (integrin beta 1 (fibronectin receptor beta)) [NCBI Gene 16412] {aka 4633401G24Rik, CD29, Fnrb, Gm9863, gpIIa}, SYT1 (synaptotagmin 1) [NCBI Gene 6857] {aka BAGOS, P65, SVP65, SYT}, Tspan9 (tetraspanin 9) [NCBI Gene 109246] {aka 6720474K14Rik, 9430079M16Rik, Tspan-9}, Cxcl12 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12) [NCBI Gene 20315] {aka Pbsf, Scyb12, Sdf1, Tlsf, Tpar1}, tspan6 (tetraspanin 6) [NCBI Gene 406802] {aka tm4sf2, tspan7, wu:fa11g01, wu:fd18e11, wu:fl39g07, zgc:63823}, Tspan4 (tetraspanin 4) [NCBI Gene 293627] {aka Tm4sf7}, TGFB3 (transforming growth factor beta 3) [NCBI Gene 396438] {aka TGF-beta-3, TGF-beta3}, Ppargc1a (peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha) [NCBI Gene 19017] {aka A830037N07Rik, Gm11133, PGC-1, PPARGC-1-alpha, Pgc-1alpha, Pgc1}, App (amyloid beta precursor protein) [NCBI Gene 11820] {aka Abeta, Abpp, Adap, Ag, Cvap, E030013M08Rik}, Tgfb1 (transforming growth factor, beta 1) [NCBI Gene 59086] {aka Tgfb}, CXCL12 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12) [NCBI Gene 395180] {aka SDF-1, SDF1}, TSPAN7 (tetraspanin 7) [NCBI Gene 7102] {aka A15, CCG-B7, CD231, DXS1692E, MRX58, MXS1}, VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A) [NCBI Gene 395909] {aka VEGF}, Egfr (epidermal growth factor receptor) [NCBI Gene 13649] {aka 9030024J15Rik, Erbb, Errb1, Errp, Wa5, wa-2}, Tspan4 (tetraspanin 4) [NCBI Gene 64540] {aka D130042I01Rik, NAG-2, Tm4sf7, Tspan-4}, Cd63 (CD63 antigen) [NCBI Gene 12512] {aka ME491, Tspan30}, Ndst1 (N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase (heparan glucosaminyl) 1) [NCBI Gene 15531] {aka 1200015G06Rik, HSNST, HSNST 1, Hsst, N-HSST, N-HSST 1}, Twsg1 (twisted gastrulation BMP signaling modulator 1) [NCBI Gene 65960] {aka 1810013J15Rik, 9030422N06Rik, D17Ertd403e, Tsg, Twg}, Sms (spermine synthase) [NCBI Gene 20603] {aka Gy, SPMSY, SpmST, gyro}, Lamp2 (lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2) [NCBI Gene 16784] {aka CD107b, LGP-B, Lamp II, Lamp-2, Lamp-2a, Lamp-2b}, tspan4a (tetraspanin 4a) [NCBI Gene 436620] {aka zgc:92174}, Vegfa (vascular endothelial growth factor A) [NCBI Gene 22339] {aka L-VEGF, Vegf, Vpf}, TSPAN18 (tetraspanin 18) [NCBI Gene 90139] {aka TSPAN}, Cxcr4 (C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4) [NCBI Gene 12767] {aka CD184, CXC-R4, CXCR-4, Cmkar4, LESTR, PB-CKR}
- **Diseases:** SAPF (MESH:D011658), retinal diseases (MESH:D012164), kidney disease (MESH:D007674), neuronal damage (MESH:D009410), sepsis (MESH:D018805), Infectious diseases (MESH:D003141), neuropathology (MESH:D009422), cognitive decline (MESH:D003072), GBM (MESH:D005909), urological disorders (MESH:D014570), cerebral injury (MESH:D000070625), HCC (MESH:D006528), intracerebral hemorrhage (MESH:D002543), epiretinal membrane (MESH:D019773), viral infections (MESH:D014777), atherosclerosis (MESH:D050197), bone metastasis (MESH:D009362), MIRI (MESH:D015427), cytotoxicity (MESH:D064420), retinal disorders (MESH:D012173), myocardial ischemia (MESH:D017202), acute myocardial infarction (MESH:D009203), CD (MESH:D003424), infection (MESH:D007239), cardiovascular diseases (MESH:D002318), blood coagulation (MESH:D001778), pneumonia (MESH:D011014), phototoxicity (MESH:D017484), bleeding (MESH:D006470), neurological diseases (MESH:D020271), CAA (MESH:D016657), blindness (MESH:D001766), MFSs (MESH:D058426), acute (MESH:D000208), acute respiratory distress syndrome (MESH:D012128), AIS (MESH:D000083242), proteinuria (MESH:D011507), neurological deficits (MESH:D009461), metabolic disorders (MESH:D008659), retinal detachment (MESH:D012163), developmental abnormalities (MESH:D006130), Impaired mitochondrial function (MESH:D028361), respiratory diseases (MESH:D012140), fibrosis (MESH:D005355), neurodegenerative disorder (MESH:D019636), inflammation (MESH:D007249), CNS diseases (MESH:D002493), TBI (MESH:D000070642), tumor susceptibility gene (MESH:C562694), urinary system disorders (MESH:D001750), Tumor (MESH:D009369), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (MESH:D019966), PVR (MESH:D018630)
- **Chemicals:** LPS (MESH:D008070), lipid (MESH:D008055), sucrose (MESH:D013395), titanium dioxide (MESH:C009495), ROS (MESH:D017382), SM (MESH:D013109), NT-Lys (-), phosphatidylserine (MESH:D010718), N-acetylglucosamine (MESH:D000117), titanium (MESH:D014025), phospholipids (MESH:D010743), ceramide (MESH:D002518), cholesterol (MESH:D002784), ST-246 (MESH:C505045), dasabuvir (MESH:C588260), phosphoinositide (MESH:D010716), salt (MESH:D012492), Optiprep (MESH:C044834), N-acetylneuraminic acid (MESH:D019158), PI P2 (MESH:D019269)
- **Species:** Human alphaherpesvirus 2 (no rank) [taxon 10310], Chikungunya virus (no rank) [taxon 37124], Gallus gallus (bantam, species) [taxon 9031], Danio rerio (leopard danio, species) [taxon 7955], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Rattus norvegicus (brown rat, species) [taxon 10116], Orthopoxvirus vaccinia (species) [taxon 10245], Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090], Qubevirus faecium (species) [taxon 39804]
- **Cell lines:** NRK — Rattus norvegicus (Rat), Spontaneously immortalized cell line (CVCL_3758), RPE — Mus musculus (Mouse), Spontaneously immortalized cell line (CVCL_GQ00)

## Full text

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## Figures

5 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12916279/full.md

## References

120 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12916279/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12916279