# Expression and clinical significance of growth differentiation factor-15 in vascular cognitive impairment based on bioinformatic analysis

**Authors:** Jiaqi Lin, Ning Mao, Zheng Wu, Rui Yang, Yanli Zhang, Yusong Ge

PMC · DOI: 10.1515/jtim-2026-0004 · Journal of Translational Internal Medicine · 2026-02-13

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** SNCA (synuclein alpha) [NCBI Gene 6622] {aka NACP, PARK1, PARK4, PD1}, EZH2 (enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit) [NCBI Gene 2146] {aka ENX-1, ENX1, EZH2b, KMT6, KMT6A, WVS}, SUGP1 (SURP and G-patch domain containing 1) [NCBI Gene 57794] {aka F23858, RBP, SF4}, EED (embryonic ectoderm development) [NCBI Gene 8726] {aka COGIS, HEED, WAIT1}, TGFB1 (transforming growth factor beta 1) [NCBI Gene 7040] {aka CAEND1, CED, DPD1, IBDIMDE, LAP, TGF-beta1}, SUZ12 (SUZ12 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit) [NCBI Gene 23512] {aka CHET9, IMMAS, JJAZ1}, GDF15 (growth differentiation factor 15) [NCBI Gene 9518] {aka GDF-15, HG, MIC-1, MIC1, NAG-1, PDF}
- **Diseases:** AIS (MESH:D000083242), strokes (MESH:D020521), neuroinflammation (MESH:D000090862), cardioembolic stroke (MESH:D000083262), large vessel injury (MESH:C536223), AD (MESH:D000544), inflammation (MESH:D007249), VCI (MESH:D003072), atherosclerotic plaque (MESH:D058226), dementia (MESH:D003704), NC (MESH:D007174), ischemic stroke (MESH:D002544), ischemic injury (MESH:D017202), thrombosis (MESH:D013927)
- **Chemicals:** ATP (MESH:D000255)
- **Species:** Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606]

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## References

10 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12916273/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12916273