# Training gaps in trans and nonbinary health: Perspectives of resident physicians in Argentina

## TL;DR

This study explores how well resident physicians in Argentina are trained to care for transgender and nonbinary patients, finding significant gaps in their education and competence.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into the training gaps and attitudes of resident physicians in Argentina regarding transgender and nonbinary health care.

## Key findings

- Only 24% of residents felt adequately trained during medical school to care for transgender and nonbinary patients.
- Despite 84% feeling comfortable providing care, only 48% perceived themselves as competent in TNB health.
- Participants strongly supported the need for enhanced curricular inclusion to improve TNB health education.

## Abstract

Introduction and aims: A growing number of individuals identify as transgender and nonbinary (TNB), yet most healthcare professionals are not adequately prepared to address their health needs. Providers’ training is crucial to ensuring accessible, evidence-based care, and medical school and residency programs are a critical period to develop such knowledge and skills. Thus, we aimed to explore resident physicians’ perspectives on their training and competence caring for TNB individuals at a university hospital in Argentina. We conducted a cross-sectional study, between May and September 2024, among clinical and surgical residents. An anonymous questionnaire collected quantitative and qualitative data on training experiences, perceived competence, and comfort levels in caring for TNB patients. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were applied. A total of 173 residents participated; 89% completed undergraduate studies in Argentina, and 60% attended public universities. Only 24% felt adequately trained during medical school. Although 69% had treated TNB patients during residency, 54% thought their training was insufficient. Despite 84% feeling comfortable providing care, only 48% perceived themselves as competent. Notably, 84% agreed with the importance of education in TNB health, highlighting the need for comprehensive training, improved quality of care, and ensuring equity. These findings indicate that TNB health education remains insufficient across medical training programs in Argentina. There is a critical discrepancy between residents’ comfort and perceived competence in caring for TNB people. Participants recognized this gap and expressed strong support for enhanced curricular inclusion. Strengthening these educational foundations is key to transforming motivation into meaningful capability to advance equitable, affirming care across Argentina and Latin America.