# Epigenetics in B‐CLL **Authors:** Alexandra Chu, Flavia Soto, Rodrigo Hurtado, Carlos A. Tirado PMC · DOI: 10.1155/ijog/5877313 · International Journal of Genomics · 2026-02-18 ## TL;DR This paper explores how epigenetic changes affect the progression and prognosis of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. ## Contribution It highlights the role of epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation and miRNAs in predicting treatment response and survival in B-CLL. ## Key findings - Epigenetic alterations are central to B-CLL prognosis. - DNA methylation and miRNA regulation are key epigenetic factors. - Epigenetic analysis helps predict therapeutic response and patient survival. ## Abstract B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL) is the most common hematological malignancy in adults. Its clinical course is heterogeneous, ranging from indolent forms with slow progression to aggressive variants refractory to conventional treatment. In recent years, it has been shown that epigenetic alterations, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and regulation by noncoding RNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs), play a central role in the prognosis of this disease. For this reason, the analysis of epigenetic mechanisms has become an essential approach both to understand the progression of B‐CLL and to predict therapeutic response and patient survival. ## Linked entities - **Diseases:** B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (MONDO:0004948), B-CLL (MONDO:0004948) ## Full-text entities - **Genes:** NOTCH1 (notch receptor 1) [NCBI Gene 4851] {aka AOS5, AOVD1, TAN1, hN1}, CCN2 (cellular communication network factor 2) [NCBI Gene 1490] {aka CTGF, HCS24, IBP-8, IGFBP8, KMD, NOV2}, DROSHA (drosha ribonuclease III) [NCBI Gene 29102] {aka ETOHI2, HSA242976, RANSE3L, RN3, RNASE3L, RNASEN}, CEBPB (CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta) [NCBI Gene 1051] {aka C/EBP-beta, IL6DBP, NF-IL6, TCF5}, CDK6 (cyclin dependent kinase 6) [NCBI Gene 1021] {aka MCPH12, PLSTIRE}, KRIT1 (KRIT1 ankyrin repeat containing) [NCBI Gene 889] {aka CAM, CCM1}, PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) [NCBI Gene 5728] {aka 10q23del, BZS, CWS1, DEC, GLM2, MHAM}, IL12RB1 (interleukin 12 receptor subunit beta 1) [NCBI Gene 3594] {aka CD212, IL-12R-BETA1, IL12RB, IMD30}, MIR379 (microRNA 379) [NCBI Gene 494328] {aka MIRN379, hsa-mir-379, mir-379}, IRS1 (insulin receptor substrate 1) [NCBI Gene 3667] {aka HIRS-1}, MIR656 (microRNA 656) [NCBI Gene 724026] {aka MIRN656, hsa-mir-656, mir-656}, TP53 (tumor protein p53) [NCBI Gene 7157] {aka BCC7, BMFS5, LFS1, P53, TRP53}, MIR15A (microRNA 15a) [NCBI Gene 406948] {aka MIRN15A, hsa-mir-15a, miRNA15A, mir-15a}, CDKN1A (cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A) [NCBI Gene 1026] {aka CAP20, CDKN1, CIP1, MDA-6, P21, SDI1}, MAP2K7 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7) [NCBI Gene 5609] {aka JNKK2, MAPKK7, MEK, MEK 7, MKK7, PRKMK7}, CBFB (core-binding factor subunit beta) [NCBI Gene 865] {aka CLCD2, PEBP2B}, MIR26A2 (microRNA 26a-2) [NCBI Gene 407016] {aka MIRN26A2, mir-26a-2}, CCNE1 (cyclin E1) [NCBI Gene 898] {aka CCNE, pCCNE1}, DGCR8 (DGCR8 microprocessor complex subunit) [NCBI Gene 54487] {aka C22orf12, DGCRK6, Gy1, pasha}, TARBP2P1 (TARBP2 pseudogene 1) [NCBI Gene 6896] {aka TARBP2P, TRBP}, DLEU7 (deleted in lymphocytic leukemia 7) [NCBI Gene 220107], MIR155 (microRNA 155) [NCBI Gene 406947] {aka MIRN155, miRNA155, mir-155}, EZH2 (enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit) [NCBI Gene 2146] {aka ENX-1, ENX1, EZH2b, KMT6, KMT6A, WVS}, BCR (BCR activator of RhoGEF and GTPase) [NCBI Gene 613] {aka ALL, BCR1, CML, D22S11, D22S662, PHL}, GATA6 (GATA binding protein 6) [NCBI Gene 2627], CASP9 (caspase 9) [NCBI Gene 842] {aka APAF-3, APAF3, ICE-LAP6, MCH6, PPP1R56}, MIR19B1 (microRNA 19b-1) [NCBI Gene 406980] {aka C13orf25, MIR19B, MIRH1, MIRHG1, MIRN19B1, miR-19b-1}, CASP3 (caspase 3) [NCBI Gene 836] {aka CPP32, CPP32B, SCA-1}, LRIF1 (ligand dependent nuclear receptor interacting factor 1) [NCBI Gene 55791] {aka C1orf103, FSHD3, HBiX1, RIF1}, NFKB1 (nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1) [NCBI Gene 4790] {aka CVID12, EBP-1, KBF1, NF-kB, NF-kB1, NF-kappa-B1}, PDCD4 (programmed cell death 4) [NCBI Gene 27250] {aka H731}, MIR412 (microRNA 412) [NCBI Gene 574433] {aka MIRN412, hsa-mir-412, mir-412}, RAD51 (RAD51 recombinase) [NCBI Gene 5888] {aka BRCC5, FANCR, HRAD51, HsRad51, HsT16930, MRMV2}, MIR34B (microRNA 34b) [NCBI Gene 407041] {aka MIRN34B, miRNA34B, mir-34b}, IL1B (interleukin 1 beta) [NCBI Gene 3553] {aka IL-1, IL1-BETA, IL1F2, IL1beta}, LINC01320 (long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1320) [NCBI Gene 104355288], KPNA2 (karyopherin subunit alpha 2) [NCBI Gene 3838] {aka IPOA1, PTAC58, QIP2, RCH1, SRP1-alpha, SRP1alpha}, DICER1 (dicer 1, ribonuclease III) [NCBI Gene 23405] {aka DCR1, Dicer, Dicer1e, GLOW, HERNA, K12H4.8-LIKE}, IGH (immunoglobulin heavy locus) [NCBI Gene 3492] {aka IGD1, IGH.1@, IGH@, IGHD@, IGHDY1, IGHJ}, Crnde (colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed, non-protein coding) [NCBI Gene 71296] {aka 4933436C20Rik}, LEF1 (lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1) [NCBI Gene 51176] {aka ECTD1, ECTD17, LEF-1, TCF10, TCF1ALPHA, TCF7L3}, BAK1 (BCL2 antagonist/killer 1) [NCBI Gene 578] {aka BAK, BAK-LIKE, BCL2L7, CDN1}, COX2 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit II) [NCBI Gene 4513] {aka COII, MTCO2}, MIR1292 (microRNA 1292) [NCBI Gene 100302138] {aka MIRN1292, hsa-mir-1292, mir-1292}, FLOT2 (flotillin 2) [NCBI Gene 2319] {aka ECS-1, ECS1, ESA, ESA1, M17S1}, SOCS1 (suppressor of cytokine signaling 1) [NCBI Gene 8651] {aka AISIMD, CIS1, CISH1, JAB, SOCS-1, SSI-1}, CD38 (CD38 molecule) [NCBI Gene 952] {aka ADPRC 1, ADPRC1, cADPR1}, KRT20 (keratin 20) [NCBI Gene 54474] {aka CD20, CK-20, CK20, K20, KRT21}, RB1 (RB transcriptional corepressor 1) [NCBI Gene 5925] {aka OSRC, PPP1R130, RB, p105-Rb, p110-RB1, pRb}, TNF (tumor necrosis factor) [NCBI Gene 7124] {aka DIF, IMD127, TNF-alpha, TNFA, TNFSF2, TNLG1F}, ZEB1 (zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1) [NCBI Gene 6935] {aka AREB6, BZP, DELTAEF1, FECD6, NIL2A, PPCD3}, MIR125B1 (microRNA 125b-1) [NCBI Gene 406911] {aka MIRN125B1, mir-125b-1}, LEF1-AS1 (LEF1 antisense RNA 1) [NCBI Gene 641518] {aka LEF1NAT}, MIR92A1 (microRNA 92a-1) [NCBI Gene 407048] {aka C13orf25, MIR92-1, MIRH1, MIRHG1, MIRN92-1, MIRN92A-1}, MDM2 (MDM2 proto-oncogene) [NCBI Gene 4193] {aka ACTFS, HDMX, LSKB, hdm2}, CCND3 (cyclin D3) [NCBI Gene 896], DLEU2 (deleted in lymphocytic leukemia 2) [NCBI Gene 8847] {aka ALT1, BCMSUN, DLB2, LEU2, LINC00022, MIR15AHG}, BAX (BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator) [NCBI Gene 581] {aka BCL2L4}, AKT1 (AKT serine/threonine kinase 1) [NCBI Gene 207] {aka AKT, PKB, PKB-ALPHA, PRKBA, RAC, RAC-ALPHA}, STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) [NCBI Gene 6774] {aka ADMIO, ADMIO1, APRF, HIES} - **Diseases:** hematologic and solid malignancies (MESH:D019337), genetic abnormality (MESH:D030342), fatigue (MESH:D005221), Hodgkin lymphoma (MESH:D006689), Tumor (MESH:D009369), chromosomal abnormalities (MESH:D002869), B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (MESH:D015451), cervical and pancreatic cancer (MESH:D010190), extramedullary plasmacytoma (MESH:C537514), inflammation (MESH:D007249), Richter syndrome (MESH:C537025), -cell (MESH:D002292), DLBCL (MESH:D016403), aggressive (MESH:D010554), TTFT (MESH:D000377), B-cell neoplasms (MESH:D016393), swollen lymph nodes (MESH:D000072717), lymphoid malignancy (MESH:D008223), immune dysfunction (MESH:D007154), MDR (MESH:D001289), infection (MESH:D007239), trisomy 12 (MESH:C538299), OS (MESH:D011475), leukemia (MESH:D007938), follicular lymphoma (MESH:D008224) - **Chemicals:** 5-Aza-2 '-deoxycytidine (MESH:D000077209), Ibrutinib (MESH:C551803), fludarabine (MESH:C024352), venetoclax (MESH:C579720), CpG-ODN (MESH:C408982), azacitidine (MESH:D001374), rituximab (MESH:D000069283), vorinostat (MESH:D000077337), romidepsin (MESH:C087123), cisplatin (MESH:D002945), AC092652.2-202 (-) - **Species:** Mus musculus (house mouse, species) [taxon 10090], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606] - **Cell lines:** HG-3 — Homo sapiens (Human), Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Transformed cell line (CVCL_Y547), MEC-1 — Homo sapiens (Human), Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Cancer cell line (CVCL_1870), DLEU1/2 — Rattus norvegicus (Rat), Adenocarcinoma of the rat prostate, Cancer cell line (CVCL_3569) ## Full text _Full body text omitted from this summary view._ Fetch the complete paper as Markdown: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12914334/full.md ## Figures 5 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12914334/full.md ## References 117 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12914334/full.md --- Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12914334