# The Effect of Free and Nanoliposomal Curcumin on the Viability and Acid Production of Single‐Species (Streptococcus mutans) and Polymicrobial Biofilms

## TL;DR

This study shows that nanoliposomal curcumin can reduce harmful oral biofilms and acid production, suggesting it could be a safe alternative for dental health.

## Contribution

The study introduces nanoliposomal curcumin as a novel antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agent for oral health.

## Key findings

- Nanoliposomal curcumin reduced cell numbers in both single-species and polymicrobial biofilms.
- It inhibited acid production by these biofilms more effectively than free curcumin.
- The MIC of nanoliposomal curcumin against Streptococcus mutans was 222 μg/mL.

## Abstract

Dental caries is a global health concern caused by the formation of cariogenic biofilms and their acid production. While various approaches have been tried, the rise of antibiotic‐resistant microorganisms necessitates safer and more effective antimicrobial solutions. Natural substances can be safe and effective alternatives in controlling dental biofilms and preventing tooth decay. In this study, the effect of free and nanoliposomal curcumin on oral biofilms (single species and polymicrobial) was investigated.

Curcumin nanoliposomes were prepared using the thin layer hydration method, and their characteristics (size, zeta potential, and release of curcumin from liposomes) were evaluated. An Active Attachment model was used to compare the effect of free and nanoliposomal curcumin in the single‐species (Streptococcus mutans) and poly microbial biofilms and amount of acid production by them.

According to the obtained results, the diameter of liposomes was 98.83 ± 2.89 nm, and the release of curcumin from liposomes was less than 50% after 24 h. The MIC of free and non‐liposomal curcumin against S. mutans was 250 and 222 μg/mL, respectively. Nanoliposomal curcumin reduced the number of cells in polymicrobial and single‐species biofilms and acid production by them.

Due to the results obtained in this research, nanoliposomal curcumin had good antibacterial, anti‐biofilm, and acid production inhibition properties. Maybe nanoliposomal curcumin can be used in oral and dental health products.