# Speed and Accuracy of a Stepping-Over Motion in Older Women Under Dual-Task Conditions: A Cross-Sectional Study

## TL;DR

This study examines how older women perform stepping-over motions under dual-task conditions and finds that they have slower reaction times compared to younger women.

## Contribution

The study provides insights into dual-task performance in older women, highlighting reaction time as a critical factor for fall prevention.

## Key findings

- Older women had significantly longer reaction times during cognitive tasks compared to younger women.
- Motion consistency and crossing time were similar between older and younger groups.
- Reaction time is crucial for quick and accurate stepping movements in fall prevention.

## Abstract

Background: Older women experience higher fall rates and are more susceptible to severe injuries than men. Therefore, fall-prevention programs should be specifically tailored for women.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the dual-task switching cost in older women and to clarify their association with the speed and accuracy of the crossing motion.

Material and methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design. A total of 20 older women (74.5 ± 1.7 years) and 20 younger women (21.5 ± 0.5 years) participated in this experiment. The crossing motion was measured using a 3D motion analysis system under four conditions: (1) lateral without a cognitive task, (2) lateral with a cognitive task, (3) backward without a cognitive task, and (4) backward with cognitive task.

Under each condition, participants were instructed to step over as quickly as possible in response to a visual cue. Each participant performed the motion 10 times per condition and was instructed to maintain consistent movements. The foot trajectory, variability of landed position, reaction time, and crossing time during the swing phase were calculated and compared between older and younger adults.

Results: Compared with the younger group, the older group showed a significantly longer reaction time during the cognitive task (p < 0.05). However, motion consistency and crossing time were comparable between the groups.

Conclusion: Shorten reaction time is essential for performing quick and accurate stepping movements, which are necessary for effective fall prevention.