# Morphometric changes after endoscopic third ventriculostomy: a pediatric—adult comparison

## TL;DR

This study compares brain structure changes after a surgical treatment for fluid buildup in the brain between children and adults.

## Contribution

The study reveals that children show more significant brain remodeling after ETV compared to adults, suggesting better adaptation in younger patients.

## Key findings

- Children showed significant improvement in brain measurements after ETV, unlike some adult groups.
- Adults with LOVA had no significant morphometric changes after ETV.
- Pediatric patients exhibited the most consistent ventricular remodeling following the procedure.

## Abstract

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is an established treatment for triventricular hydrocephalus (TVH) caused by aqueductal stenosis (AqS) or mass lesions and is also applied in longstanding overt ventriculomegaly of adults (LOVA). This study aimed to compare morphometric remodeling on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after ETV between pediatric and adult patients.

This retrospective single-center study included 67 patients with TVH or LOVA (patent aqueduct), stratified into children with AqS (n = 21), adults with AqS (n = 24), adults with lesions (n = 12), and adults with LOVA (n = 10). Mamillopontine distance (MPD), Evans’ index (EI), and third ventricle diameter (D3V) were measured preoperatively, postoperatively, and at follow-up. Longitudinal changes were compared within and between groups.

Follow-up MRI was available in 88.1% (n = 59/67). No child required shunt placement, compared with 12.5% of adults with AqS, 8.3% with lesions, and 30% with LOVA. Morphometric analysis revealed significant improvement (p < 0.05) in MPD, EI, and D3V from baseline to follow-up in children and adults with AqS. Adults with lesions showed significant changes only in MPD and D3V, whereas adults with LOVA exhibited no significant differences. Between-group analyses confirmed the most distinct and consistent ventricular remodeling in pediatric patients.

Children demonstrated the most pronounced morphometric response after ETV, reflecting more effective ventricular remodeling than in adults. These findings suggest a stronger cerebrospinal fluid dynamic adaptation in pediatric patients, which may contribute to more favorable long-term outcomes.