# Novel diagnostic approaches and therapeutic management of mucormycosis: insights from a retrospective monocentric cohort study

## TL;DR

This study examines the diagnosis and treatment of mucormycosis in immunocompromised patients, highlighting the high mortality rate and the need for early diagnosis and tailored therapies.

## Contribution

The study provides insights into risk factors, treatment approaches, and outcomes in mucormycosis patients based on a monocentric cohort.

## Key findings

- Hematological malignancies and immunosuppressive therapy were the most common risk factors for mucormycosis.
- Pulmonary involvement was observed in 94% of cases, and surgery improved outcomes in half of the patients.
- Despite treatment, the mortality rate on day 84 was 35%, emphasizing the need for better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

## Abstract

Mucormycosis is a rare, opportunistic fungal infection with high mortality rates, predominantly affecting immunocompromised patients. Its management is challenging due to diagnostic complexity and limited therapeutic options.

This retrospective cohort study analyzed 21 cases of mucormycosis diagnosed at the University Hospital of Liège between July 2018 and August 2023. Clinical, microbiological, and radiological data were evaluated to identify risk factors, treatment modalities, and outcomes.

Hematological malignancies (82%) and immunosuppressive therapy (53%) were the most common risk factors. Pulmonary involvement occurred in 94% of cases. Liposomal Amphotericin B was the most frequently used antifungal therapy, and surgery improved outcomes in 50% of cases when it was performed. Despite these measures, the mortality rate on day 84 remained significant at 35%.

This study underscores the challenges of managing mucormycosis in immunocompromised patients. The high mortality rate emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis, tailored antifungal therapy, and standardized treatment protocols to improve survival outcomes.