# Association of the lymphocyte-to–C-reactive protein ratio with long-term mortality in hospitalized older adults with severe dysphagia

## TL;DR

This study found that a blood-based biomarker called LCR is linked to lower long-term mortality risk in older adults with severe swallowing difficulties.

## Contribution

The study is the first to show that LCR is a prognostic marker for mortality in elderly patients with dysphagia.

## Key findings

- Higher lymphocyte-to–C-reactive protein ratio (LCR) values were associated with lower mortality risk in elderly dysphagia patients.
- A clear graded pattern of survival was observed across LCR quartiles, with the lowest risk at higher LCR values.
- Spline modeling showed a predominantly linear inverse association between LCR and mortality risk.

## Abstract

Dysphagia is highly prevalent among older adults and is strongly associated with malnutrition, chronic inflammation, and multiple comorbidities, all of which contribute to increased mortality. The lymphocyte-to–C-reactive protein ratio (LCR) has recently gained attention as an immunonutritional biomarker, yet its prognostic relevance in elderly individuals with dysphagia remains unclear. This study examined whether LCR is associated with long-term all-cause mortality in this population.

This study used a retrospective cohort design involving elderly individuals with dysphagia who underwent either percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy or total parenteral nutrition from 2014 to 2017. The LCR was converted to its natural logarithmic form and grouped according to its quartile distribution. Survival was analyzed through time-to-event methods, including Kaplan–Meier estimation and multivariable Cox regression. The shape of the association was explored using restricted cubic spline modeling, and several additional analyses were carried out to evaluate the stability of the findings.

The analytic sample comprised 248 older adults, whose mean age was 83.0 years. Survival differed significantly across Ln-LCR quartiles, and higher Ln-LCR values were consistently associated with lower mortality risk. In adjusted Cox models, each one-unit increase in Ln-LCR was associated with a lower hazard of all-cause mortality. Quartile analyses demonstrated a clear graded pattern, and spline models indicated a predominantly linear inverse association, with substantially elevated risk at Ln-LCR values below −1.99. Sensitivity analyses supported the stability of these findings.

Ln-LCR was independently associated with long-term all-cause mortality risk in this cohort and may serve as a convenient prognostic marker for clinical risk stratification. Lower Ln-LCR values may help identify individuals at particularly high risk.