# Cross-population amplitude coupling in high-dimensional oscillatory neural time series

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new statistical method to identify coordinated brain activity across regions using high-dimensional neural data.

## Contribution

The novel contribution is a statistical procedure to detect lead-lag amplitude coupling in oscillatory neural time series.

## Key findings

- The method successfully identified ground truth structures in simulated data.
- It revealed plausible amplitude coupling between prefrontal cortex and visual area V4 during a memory task.
- The approach is applicable to other high-dimensional, slowly varying time series.

## Abstract

Neural oscillations have long been considered important markers of interaction across brain regions, yet identifying coordinated oscillatory activity from high-dimensional multiple-electrode recordings remains challenging. We sought to quantify time-varying covariation of oscillatory amplitudes across two brain regions, during a memory task, based on local field potentials recorded from 96 electrodes in each region. We extended Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) to multiple time series through the cross-correlation of latent time series. This, however, introduces a large number of possible lead-lag cross-correlations across the two regions. To manage that high dimensionality, we developed rigorous statistical procedures aimed at finding a small number of dominant lead-lag effects. The method correctly identified ground truth structure in realistic simulation-based settings. When we used it to analyze local field potentials recorded from the prefrontal cortex and visual area V4, we obtained highly plausible results. The new statistical methodology could also be applied to other slowly varying high-dimensional time series.