# Ultrasound-based classification and rehabilitation of biceps femoris T-junction injuries

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new ultrasound-based system to classify and treat injuries at the biceps femoris T-junction, aiming to improve recovery and reduce recurrence.

## Contribution

A novel ultrasound-based classification system for biceps femoris T-junction injuries is proposed, guiding rehabilitation based on injury subtype.

## Key findings

- Ultrasound provides better visualization of T-junction injuries compared to MRI.
- Rehabilitation strategies should be tailored to injury subtype and ultrasound findings.
- The framework supports structured diagnosis and recovery planning for athletes.

## Abstract

The T-junction represents the interface between the long and short heads of the biceps femoris, comprising superficial myo-tendinous and deeper myo-aponeurotic connective-tissue components. Injury to this region is frequently under-recognised on MRI and associated with prolonged recovery and recurrence. A new ultrasound-based classification system is proposed, defining five subtypes according to structural involvement, myofascial extension, haematoma formation, and dynamic behaviour during resisted contraction. This classification system does require testing in vivo to establish validity. Ultrasound provides superior spatial resolution and allows direct assessment of tendon continuity and motion between the long and short heads. Rehabilitation strategies are aligned with injury subtype and guided by ultrasound findings rather than time alone. The approach integrates early protection and reactivation with progressive restoration of intermuscular coordination, strength, and high-speed load tolerance. The framework provides a structured method for diagnosis, prognosis, and rehabilitation planning in athletes with T-junction injuries of the biceps femoris.