# Late complications of the Rastelli procedure - infective endocarditis and homograft stenosis: A case report

## TL;DR

A 35-year-old man with a history of the Rastelli procedure developed late complications including infective endocarditis and homograft stenosis, leading to heart failure.

## Contribution

The paper highlights the importance of recognizing overlapping complications in long-term Rastelli procedure survivors.

## Key findings

- The patient exhibited homograft stenosis as a late complication of the Rastelli procedure.
- Infective endocarditis was identified as a concurrent issue contributing to heart failure.
- Late complications of the Rastelli procedure can present with overlapping clinical features.

## Abstract

Advances in surgical techniques have significantly improved the prognosis of patients with operated congenital heart malformations. However, late complications pose a challenge to therapeutic management. Although the Rastelli procedure has brought substantial benefits in the surgical correction of transposition of the great arteries in pediatric patients, it carries the burden of numerous complications into adulthood.

We present the case of a 35-year-old man diagnosed at birth with D-transposition of the great arteries, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect and severe pulmonary stenosis. His medical history revealed two previous operations: a Blalock-Taussing shunt at the age of 4 months and a Rastelli procedure at the age of 3 years. The patient presented to the emergency room with fever and congestive heart failure symptoms. Subsequent investigations revealed two late complications of the Rastelli procedure: stenosis of the homograft connecting the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle and infective endocarditis.

Although the clinical context may lead to the assumption that this is a case of congestive heart failure due to homograft stenosis, we must not overlook the possibility of overlapping infective endocarditis, which may also contribute to the development of heart failure.