# Fast vortex dynamics and relaxation times in NbRe-based heterostructures

## TL;DR

This paper compares vortex dynamics in two types of superconducting heterostructures and finds that one has much faster relaxation times, which could be useful for fast electronic devices.

## Contribution

The study reveals significantly shorter quasiparticle energy relaxation times in NbRe/Py bilayers compared to NbRe/Au structures.

## Key findings

- NbRe/Py bilayers exhibit higher critical velocities for vortices compared to NbRe/Au bilayers.
- The quasiparticle energy relaxation time is 24 ps in NbRe/Py, much shorter than 150 ps in NbRe/Au.
- NbRe/Py bilayers show promise for applications requiring fast relaxation processes.

## Abstract

An in-depth analysis of Abrikosov vortex dynamics and flux-flow instabilities was performed in NbRe/Au and NbRe/Py bilayers to compare superconducting/normal metal (S/N) and superconducting/ferromagnetic (S/F) heterostructures based on the same superconducting layer. The heterostructures, fabricated by sputtering, were characterized through electrical transport measurements. The I–V characteristics show that, in the NbRe/Py bilayer, vortices reach higher critical velocities than those observed in the NbRe/Au structure. The analysis of the flux-flow instability within the Larkin–Ovchinnikov framework allows one to extract the quasiparticle energy relaxation time. For external magnetic field values for which edge barrier pinning is dominant and thermal effects are negligible, the relaxation times are about 150 ps and 24 ps for NbRe/Au and NbRe/Py bilayers, respectively. These results indicate that NbRe/Py bilayers, having a relaxation time one order of magnitude smaller than values reported in NbRe microbridges, have great potential for the realization of devices where fast relaxation processes are required.